首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
In the later half of the 19th century "capital" and "labour" were enlarging and perfecting their rival organizations on modem li
In the later half of the 19th century "capital" and "labour" were enlarging and perfecting their rival organizations on modem li
admin
2010-04-30
40
问题
In the later half of the 19th century "capital" and "labour" were enlarging and perfecting their rival organizations on modem lines. Many an old firm was replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy of salaried managers. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. It was moreover a step away from individual initiative, towards collectivism and municipal and state-owned business. The railway companies, though still private business managed for the benefit of shareholders, were very unlike old family business. At the same time the great municipalities (自治城市) went into business to supply lighting, trams and other services to the taxpayers.
The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. All through the 19th century, America, Africa, India, Australia and parts of Europe were being developed by British capital, and British shareholders were thus enriched by the world’s movement towards industrialization. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large "comfortable" classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends (股息) and occasionally attending a shareholders’ meeting to dictate their orders to the management. On the other hand "shareholding" meant leisure and freedom which was used by many of the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilization.
The "shareholders" as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labour was not good. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had. seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal (家长的) system of the old family business now passing away. Indeed the mere size of operations and the numbers of workmen involved rendered such personal relations impossible. Fortunately, however, the increasing power and organization of the trade unions, at least in all skilled trades, enabled the workmen to meet on equal terms the managers of the companies who employed them. The cruel discipline of the strike and lockout taught the two parties to respect each other’s strength and understand the value of fair negotiation.
Who played a positive role in harmonizing relations between the workmen and the managers of the companies?
选项
答案
The trade unions.
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/wHOK777K
0
大学英语六级
相关试题推荐
Shynessisthecauseofmuchunhappinessforagreatmanypeople.Shypeopleareanxiousand(36)______;thatis,theyareexces
A、Theairiscontaminated.B、Peoplethereareexhausted.C、It’stoowindyforswimming.D、Thebeachesaredirty.AW:TheplaceI’
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicSuicideonCampus.Youshouldwriteatleast150w
Thepassageismainlyaboutthedifferencesbetweenconventionalandorganicfarming.Mostofthefoodsgrownandprocessedacc
ShouldNewYork’spublicschoolchildrenbeallowedtobringcellphonestoschool?AgroupofparentshassuedthecityDepartme
Diamonds’pricedependsalmostentirelyontheirscarcity_______________________(既然钻石没有什么内在价值).
A、Atwork.B、Athome.C、Inthehospital.D、Atthestore.CW:Howisyourmotherfeelingthesedays?M:Muchbetter,thanks.She
Comparisonsweredrawnbetweenthedevelopmentoftelevisioninthe20thcenturyandthediffusionofprintinginthe15thand1
Ahappymarriageapparentlyisgoodmedicine,buthostilespousesmaybeharmfultooneanother’shealth.Couplesin(36)______
Insomeplacesleaveswillfalloffthetreesbeforetheychangecolorsintheautumn.Thepreconditionoftheappearanceofan
随机试题
巫术发生说的代表人物是()。
关于干酪样坏死的描述,错误的是
疟原虫在人体红细胞内进行的生殖是
正常人红细胞在不同浓度的低渗盐溶液中形态不同。在0.5%NaCl溶液中,红细胞的形态是
[2014年,第13题]函数(C1,C2为任意常数)是微分方程y’’-y’-2y=0的()。
影响资料可靠性的因素不包括()。
简述抵押权的含义和法律特征。
商品的本质因素是()
Plasticisthepanaceaoftheages.Nearlyeveryman-madeobject(1)_____(2)_____of,oratleast(3)_____itsverystructure,
Consideredasacontinuousbodyoffluid,theatmosphereisanotherkindofocean.Yet,inviewofthetotalamountofrainand
最新回复
(
0
)