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  3. To what extent are the unemployed failing in their duty to society to work, and how far has the State an obligation to ensure th

To what extent are the unemployed failing in their duty to society to work, and how far has the State an obligation to ensure th

admin2010-05-26  99
问题     To what extent are the unemployed failing in their duty to society to work, and how far has the State an obligation to ensure that they have work to do? It is by now increasingly recognized that workers may be thrown out of work by industrial forces beyond their control, and that the unemployed are in some sense paying the price of the economic progress of the rest of the community. But concern with unemployment and the unemployed varies sharply. The issues of duty and responsibility were reopened and revitalized by the unemployment scare of 1971-1972. Rising unemployment and increased stuns paid out in benefits to the workless had reawakened controversies which had been inactive during most of the period of fuller employment since the war ended the Depression. It looked as though in future there would again be too little work to go round, so there were arguments about how to produce more work, how the available work should be shared out, and who was responsible for unemployment and the unemployed.
    In 1972 there were critics who said that the State’s action in allowing unemployment to rise was a faithless act, a breaking of the social contract between society and the worker. Yet in the main any contribution by employers to unemployment such as laying off workers in order to introduce technological changes and maximize profits tended to be ignored. And it was the unemployed who were accused of failing to honor the social contract, by not fulfilling their duty to society to work. In spite of general concern at the scale to the unemployment statistics, when the unemployed were considered as individuals, they tended to attract scorn and threats of punishment. Their capacities and motivation as workers and their value as members of society became suspect. The unemployed were accused of being responsible for their own workless condition, and doubts were expressed about the State’ s obligation either to provide them with the security of work or to support them through Social Security.
    Underlying the arguments about unemployment and the unemployed is a basic disagreement about the nature and meaning of work in society. To what extent can or should work be regarded as a service, not only performed by the worker for society but also made secure for the worker by the State, and supported  if necessary? And apart from cash are there social pressures and satisfactions which cause individuals to seek and keep work, so that the workless need work rather than just cash?
What the author proposes to examine is ______.
选项 A、how far the unemployed are to blame for their failure in working and how far it is the State’ s fault
B、to what extent the State should insist on the unemployed working if they fail to do so
C、whether being at work is a social duty which the State should ensure everybody carries out
D、whether work should be obligatory, and if so, whether the State or the individual is responsible for the enforced obligation
答案A
解析 文中第一段提出的两个问题是作者在本文探讨的问题。对于失业，失业者多大程度上承担失业未能履行为社会服务的责任，多大程度上国家没有尽到使他们有工作的义务。A项与起始句的内容一致，此问句点出了本文的主题。B选项强调政府多大程度上应该坚持使失业者工作。C选项说工作是否是政府使每个人都有的一种社会责任。D选项表达是否工作是必须的，是个人还是国家应为此负责。这些答案不够全面。
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