首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Navigation Acts of Colonial America P1: Throughout the colonial period, after the middle of the seventeenth century, the one gre
Navigation Acts of Colonial America P1: Throughout the colonial period, after the middle of the seventeenth century, the one gre
admin
2018-10-18
87
问题
Navigation Acts of Colonial America
P1: Throughout the colonial period, after the middle of the seventeenth century, the one great source of irritation between the mother country and her colonies was found in a number of laws, called the Navigation Acts. For example, the Navigation Acts of 1660 and 1663 forbade the importing into or the exporting from the British colonies of any goods except in English or colonial ships and it forbade certain enumerated articles— tobacco, sugar, cotton, wool, dyeing woods, etc.—to be shipped to any country, except to England or an English plantation. Similarly, the Molasses Act of 1733 placed a prohibitive duty—sixpence per gallon—on the importation of sugar from non-English colonies, forcing the American rum distillers to buy more costly sugar from the British West Indies. This act was intended less to raise revenue than to serve as a protective tariff that would benefit British West Indian sugar producers at the expense of their French rivals.
P2: The British Parliament enacted such mechanisms as protectionist trade barriers,governmental regulations, and subsidies to domestic industries for the purpose of augmenting British finances at the expense of colonial territories and other European imperial powers. But these policies ensured Great Britain’s rise as Europe’s foremost shipping nation, and in one respect greatly stimulated American industry, laying the foundations for an American shipbuilding industry and merchant marine. The shipbuilding industry in the colonies first came as an outgrowth of the British industry and then as its own entity. The swift expansion of colonial shipping in turn accelerated urbanization by creating a need for centralized docks, warehouses, and repair shops in the colonies. By 1770, Philadelphia and New York City had emerged as two of the British Empire’s busiest ports.
P3: In addition to restrictions on the trade between colonies and non-English parties, England also specified certain products that could be sold only to British merchants. Included in the list of enumerated goods were products most generally considered to England’s wealth and power: sugar, tobacco, rice, cotton, indigo, and later furs and iron. Parliament never restricted grain, livestock, fish, lumber, or rum, which altogether made up 60 percent of American colonial exports. The Act further reduced the burden on exporters of tobacco and rice—the chief mainland commodities affected—with two significant concessions. First, Parliament gave tobacco growers a monopoly over the British market by excluding foreign tobacco,even though this hurt British consumers as rice planters enjoyed a natural monopoly because they had no competitors. Second, by refunding the duties on all tobacco and rice that the colonists later shipped to other countries, Parliament minimized the added cost of land used for tobacco and rice in Britain, where customs officials collected duties on both.
P4: Another impact the navigation system had on the colonies was to encourage economic diversification. Parliament used British tax revenues to pay modest incentives to Anglo-Americans producing such items as silk, iron, dyes, hemp, and lumber, and it imposed protective tariffs on items from other commercial rivals. The trade laws did in large-scale prohibit Anglo-Americans from competing with British manufacturing for certain products, most notably clothing. However, colonial tailors, hatters, and other small clothes manufacturers could continue to make any item of dress in their households or small shops. Manufactured by low-paid labor, British clothing imports generally undersold whatever the colonists could have produced and exported.
P5: The Navigation Acts succeeded in making the colonies a protected market for low-priced exports from Britain. Steady overseas demand for colonial products spawned a prosperity that enabled colonists to consume ever larger amounts of goods—not only clothing, but dishware, home furnishings, tea, and a range of other items both produced in Britain and imported by British and colonial merchants from elsewhere. Consequently, the share of British exports sold to the colonies rapidly increased, which made Britain itself the wealthiest nation in Europe and the Atlantic world while resulting in a "consumer revolution" in British America.
P3: In addition to restrictions on the trade between colonies and non-English parties, England also specified certain products that could be sold only to British merchants. Included in the list of enumerated goods were products most generally considered to England’s wealth and power: sugar, tobacco, rice, cotton, indigo, and later furs and iron. ■ Parliament never restricted grain, livestock, fish, lumber, or rum, which altogether made up 60 percent of American colonial exports. ■ The Act further reduced the burden on exporters of tobacco and rice—the chief mainland commodities affected—with two significant concessions. ■ First, Parliament gave tobacco growers a monopoly over the British market by excluding foreign tobacco, even though this hurt British consumers as rice planters enjoyed a natural monopoly because they had no competitors. Second, by refunding the duties on all tobacco and rice that the colonists later shipped to other countries, Parliament minimized the added cost of land used for tobacco and rice in Britain, where customs officials collected duties on both. ■
Paragraph 4 supports which of the following statements about why Britain did not pass laws restricting the small-scale manufacture of clothing in the colonies?
选项
A、Such clothing presented no serious competition to clothing imported from Britain.
B、The British realized that any attempt to enforce such laws would be ineffective.
C、Clothing manufactured in the American colonies generally did not sell well in Britain.
D、The quality of clothing produced in the colonies was lower than that of British clothing.
答案
A
解析
【事实信息题】末句提到英国进口布料by low—paid labor,(低人工成本)并且undersold(压价销售),可知进口布有优势,因此答案为A。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/wffO777K
0
托福(TOEFL)
相关试题推荐
Writethecorrectletter,A-F,nexttoquestions21-26.AVideoResourceCentreBReadingRoomCFoodServiceCentreDPeriodic
Writethecorrectletter,A-F,nexttoquestions21-26.AVideoResourceCentreBReadingRoomCFoodServiceCentreDPeriodic
Completethesentencesbelow.WriteONEWORDONLYforeachanswer.FootballintheUKPriortothe19thcentury,footballplaye
ChooseTWOletters,A-E.WhichTWOaspectsdidthenewrulesattheendofthe19thcenturyfocuson?AcooperationBcompetitio
Whatdideachpersonsaywastheprincipalcauseofstressforthem?ChooseFOURanswersfromtheboxandwritethecorrectlett
Completethenotesbelow.WriteNOMORETHANTWOWORDSAND/ORANUMBERforeachanswer.ExampleMIDDLEBURYLANGUAGESCHOOLCLASS
Whattaskhasbeendistributedtoeachperson?TasksAAcknowledgementBMethodologyCBibliographyDLiteraturereviewERe
Choosethecorrectletter,A,B,orC.WhywasJeninvitedtotheprofessor’spersonalproject?
随机试题
患者,女,21岁。因不规则发热、乏力、消瘦2周来诊。查体:双侧颈部、锁骨上、腋窝均可扪及多个黄豆到蚕豆大小淋巴结,质硬、无压痛,肝肋下1cm,脾肋下3cm,质中、无压痛。检测WBC4.2×109/L,Hb80g/L,PLT70×109/L;网织红细胞0.1
A.免疫反应中最早出现的抗体 B.可通过胎盘的抗体 C.介导局部免疫 D.介导I型变态反应 E.B细胞成熟标志IgE是
前牙舌支托凹位于
治疗肺痈,咳吐脓血,胸痛,宜首选的药物是()治疗顽痰咳嗽,胸膈胀闷,宜首选的药物是()
导游人员在引导旅游者旅行、游览过程中,遇到可能危及( )的紧急情形时,经征得多数旅游者的同意,可以调整或者变更接待计划,但是应当立即报告旅行社。
在自然保护区的核心区和缓冲区内,可以建设部分生产设施。()
阅读下列材料,并回答问题。大一班有两位小朋友,一位叫明明,另一位叫强强。明明衣着整齐,乐于助人,有同情心,对人友好,有礼貌,善于与人分享合作,喜欢交往,深受同伴的喜爱。强强穿戴邋遢,脾气暴躁,对人很有敌意,还喜欢打人、骂人,经常欺负小朋友,班上小
一架飞机所带的燃料最多可以用6小时,飞机去时顺风,速度为1500千米/时,回来时逆风,速度为1200千米/时,这架飞机最多飞出多少千米就需往回飞?()
最近10年来,S市的电子行业的大中企业纷纷合并、重建或缩小规模,这使得这一行业的就业状况极不乐观。但令人惊奇的是,这一行业的就业者并没有感觉到此种不稳定的压力。据一项该市电子行业的相关调查显示,10年前被调查者中,58%不认为自己面临因工作不稳定而造成的压
甲在周二、周四、周六说真话,乙在周一、周三说真话,如果甲说的是假话,那么丙一定说真话。一日,甲、乙、丙、丁四人中有两人做了好人好事,现在要奖励做好人好事的人,询问四人。甲:我做了好人好事,乙也做了好人好事。乙:好人好事是我做的。丙:我没做好人好事,好
最新回复
(
0
)