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  3. Although most of us believe that we communicate almost exclusively with words, research has shown that nonverbal communication i

Although most of us believe that we communicate almost exclusively with words, research has shown that nonverbal communication i

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问题       Although most of us believe that we communicate almost exclusively with words, research has shown that nonverbal communication is at least as important. Gestures and tone of voice are important cues in determining others’ responses to us.  Individuals who are not aware of information conveyed nonverbally are at a social disadvantage. In fact, children who fail to "read" such messages tend to be unpopular and underachievers. Children who are overeager or speak loudly, for example, may offend other children, or adults. When they fail to adjust their behavior on the basis of others’ responses, they aggravate the situation.
      Adults may offend their peers also by their inattention to nonverbal responses. The sense of personal space varies among individuals and cultures. The salesman who puts his arm around the shoulder of a prospective buyer should realize the possible consequences of his gesture. Physical contact conveys sense of intimacy that the relationship may or may not warrant. Standing very close to someone during a face-to-face conversation may produce a negative reaction. In fact, you may observe the person back away.
      Practice and traditions are more permissive in some cultures than in ours. In most situations, those people of power often take or receive more space. Think of the teacher whose large desk is surrounded by more space than the students’ smaller desks.
     Tone of voice also conveys messages and emotions. "Beautiful" may be used to describe bouquet of roses or a black eye, but the tone of voice will not be the same. "Thanks a lot" can be said with genuine gratitude or with sarcasm.
     Dog trainers report that dogs respond to tone of voice than to the particular words that are said. Dogs are often praised in a consistent tone of voice that may be slightly high-pitched and somewhat singsong. They will respond to this tone of voice with wagging tails even if the words don’t match.
According to the article, communication problems arise when
选项 A、people send the wrong signals.
B、individual miss nonverbal cues.
C、culture clash.
D、people use the same signal to mean differently.
答案B
解析 第一段中有这样一句话：Individuals who are not aware of information conveyed nonverbally are at a social disadvantage．结合这句话以及后面段落中举出的例子，可以很容易得出这一结论：如果人们忽略了非口头交流的暗示作用，就会引发交流上的问题和障碍。
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