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  3. EI Nino is the term used for the period when sea surface temperatures are above normal off the South American coast along the eq

EI Nino is the term used for the period when sea surface temperatures are above normal off the South American coast along the eq

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问题     EI Nino is the term used for the period when sea surface temperatures are above normal off the South American coast along the equatorial Pacific, sometimes called the Earth’s heartbeat, and is a dramatic but mysterious climate system that periodically rages across the Pacific.
    El Nino means "the little boy" or "the Christ child" in Spanish, and is so called because its warm current is felt along coastal Peru and Ecuador around Christmas. But the local warming is just part of an intricate
set of changes in the ocean and atmosphere across the tropical Pacific, which covers a third of the Earth’s circumference. Its intensity is such that it affects temperatures, storm tracks and rainfall around the world.
    Droughts in Africa and Australia, tropical storms in the Pacific, torrential rains along the Californian coast and lush greening of Peruvian deserts have all been ascribed to the whim of EI Nino. Until recently it has been returning about every three to five years. But recently it has become more frequent--for the first time on record it has returned for a fourth consecutive year--and at the same time a giant pool of unusually warm water has settled down in the middle of the Pacific and is showing no signs of moving.
    Climatologists don’t yet know why, though some are saying these aberrations may signal a worldwide change in climate. The problem is that nobody really seems sure what causes the EI Nino to start, and what makes some stronger than others. And this makes it particularly hard to explain why it as suddenly started behaving so differently.
    In the absence of EI Nino and its cold counterpart, La Nina, conditions in the tropical eastern Pacific are the opposite of those in the west: the east is cool and dry, while the west is hot and wet. In the east, it’s the winds and currents that keep things cool. It works like this. Strong, steady winds, called trade winds, blowing west across the Pacific drag the surface water along with them. The varying influence of the Earth’s rotation at different latitudes, known as the Coriolis effect, causes these surface winds and water to veer towards the poles, north in the northern hemisphere and south in the southern hemisphere. The surface water is replaced by colder water from deeper in the ocean in a process known as upwelling.
    The cold surface water in mm chills the air above it. This cold dense air cannot rise high enough or water vapor to condense into clouds. The dense air creates an area of high pressure so that the atmosphere over the equatorial eastern Pacific is essentially devoid of rainfall.
Paragraphs 2 and 3 are written to
选项 A、discuss the causes of climatic irregularities.
B、exemplify the abnormal effects of EI Nino.
C、explain the way in which EI Nino develops.
D、show the recent observations of climatologists.
答案B
解析 题干问：“第2自然段和第3自然段的写作目的是……”。在第1自然段作者给出一种厄尔尼诺现象后，2段和3段举例说明厄尔尼诺现象所造成的一种反常的影响，因此选项B“举例说明厄尔尼诺现象所造成的反常影响”为正确选项。而选项A“讨论气候不规则的原因”，原因在文中没有得到解释。选项C“解释厄尔尼诺发生的过程”，它发生的过程是在第5自然段阐述的，选项D“说明气象学家们最近的观察”也不是这两段所写作的目的。
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