首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Psychologists take opposing view of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behav
Psychologists take opposing view of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behav
admin
2010-06-01
65
问题
Psychologists take opposing view of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive researchers, who study various as pects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.
The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful use of small monetary rewards sparks creativity in grade-school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements indeed aid inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
"If kids know they are working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity," says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. "But it is easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for re wards."
A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary’ a chievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenbcrger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to’ tighten grading standards and restore failing grades.
In earlier grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.
Which of the following can best raise students’ creativity according to Robert Eisenberger?
选项
A、Assigning them tasks they have not dealt with before.
B、Assigning them tasks which require inventiveness.
C、Giving them rewards they really deserve.
D、Giving them rewards they anticipate.
答案
C
解析
第三段谈到了Rogert Eisenberger的观点,如果孩子们知道他们为得到奖励而学习,并且致力于解决相对而言具有挑战性的问题,他们会表现出最大的创造性。如果对表现欠佳的孩子给予奖励或使他们产生对奖励的过分期待的心理,那么就很容易扼杀孩子们的创造力。这就说明只有该得奖励的孩子受到奖励才能发挥创造性,因此选C。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/wlV7777K
0
大学英语四级
相关试题推荐
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicToliveinalargecityorinasmalltownorvill
A、Theycandobetterthanothers.B、Itisexpensivetohirelabor.C、Theydon’tliketobehelped.D、Theydon’ttrustothers.B
A、WalterScott.B、NathanielHawthorne.C、EdgarAllanPoe.D、WilliamMakepeaceThackeray.C文中提到“influencingfellowwriterslikeS
ElvisAaronPresleywasbornina【B1】______houseinTupelo,MississippionJanuary8,1935.Histwinbrother,JessieGaron,die
ElvisAaronPresleywasbornina【B1】______houseinTupelo,MississippionJanuary8,1935.Histwinbrother,JessieGaron,die
ElvisAaronPresleywasbornina【B1】______houseinTupelo,MississippionJanuary8,1935.Histwinbrother,JessieGaron,die
GallaudetUniversitycurrentlydoesnotallowstudentstokeeppetsintheirdormrooms.Exceptionsaremadeonlyforservicean
Itwasoncethoughtthatairpollutionaffectedonlytheareaimmediatelyaroundlargecitieswithfactoriesand/orheavyautomo
Beautyhasalwaysbeenregardedassomethingpraiseworthy.Almosteveryonethinksattractivepeoplearehappierandhealthier,h
A、Susie.B、Tom.C、Thespeaker.D、Thespeaker’shusband.A
随机试题
“初级、大号、万能、野生、人造”这些词是_____。
氯喹在下列哪些部位浓度高:
下列药物中,哪些药物含有儿茶酚结构
Graves病浸润性突眼主要与( )。
林某女儿高考时填报了某知名高校作为第一志愿,林某想找该校的招生人员对其已经进入该校投档线的女儿优先录取,但苦于不认识该校的招生人贝。其好友吴某知道后,主动告知林某其曾经的朋友孙某现在正是该校的招生人员,可以代为引荐。并让林某事先准备好厚礼。于是吴某带着林某
()是对企业总体框架的设计。
按照皮亚杰的观点,0~2岁儿童的思维处于()。
在长方形ABCD中,放入8个形状、大小相同的长方形,位置和尺寸如图所示(图中长度单位:厘米),则阴影部分的面积为()。
中国共产党领导的革命政权在不同时期、不同地区分别制定的婚姻法规包括()。
Booksinthelibraryarearrangedbydifferent______.
最新回复
(
0
)