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  3. How different would conditions be today economically and politically if unemployment were 7 percent instead of its current 8.2 p

How different would conditions be today economically and politically if unemployment were 7 percent instead of its current 8.2 p

admin2014-08-29  61
问题     How different would conditions be today economically and politically if unemployment were 7 percent instead of its current 8.2 percent? For one thing, some two million unemployed workers would have jobs, and the rate of economic growth would be comfortably above 2 percent, instead of below that pace. This conception could have been possible if federal aid to states had been supported, saving hundreds of thousands of public-sector jobs.
    A recent analysis by the Economic Policy Institute shows that the loss of public-sector jobs, largely because of state budget cuts, has been the biggest hit to job growth over the past three years. The direct jobs lost—627, 000 since June 2009—understates the drag because population growth alone suggests that the public sector should have added nearly 500,000 jobs over that time simply to restore government employment to its norm of the last 20 years. In all, the public sector is coming up short by 1. 1 million jobs, including positions for teachers, social workers, public health officials and other professions that would have been filled by many of today’s unemployed college graduates.
    Worse, the public-sector gap of 1. 1 million jobs has translated into some 750,000 lost jobs in the private sector, the result of contractors losing government business and less spending by laid-off government workers. In addition, another 400,000 or so jobs have been lost because of cutbacks in state aid to the poor and unemployed, which reduce consumer spending.
    The effects from a depressed public sector are profound because state and local spending on employees, contractors and beneficiaries sweeps swiftly over the economy. When that spending is depressed, the entire economy suffers.
    The bottom line of the institute’s report is that if it weren’t for state and local budget tightening, the economy would have 2.3 million more jobs today. The lesson is that the best and easiest way to reverse job losses would be for Congress to provide financial aid to states. Preventing such aid, as Republicans have done, is a way to keep unemployment raised and their hopes to win the White House alive. Jobless Americans, struggling businesses and hard-pressed communities are victims in the situation.
The cutbacks in state aid to the poor and unemployed results in______.
选项 A、reduction in consumer spending
B、contractors losing government business
C、less spending by laid-off government workers
D、job loss in the private sector
答案A
解析 事实细节题。本题考查州政府削减对贫困及失业人口的援助所造成的结果。定位句中的which指代前面提到的“州政府削减对贫困及失业人口的援助”，而which引导的从句点明该行为导致消费减少，故A)“消费的减少”为本题答案。B)“承包商失去政府生意”和C)“失业的政府职员消费减少”不符合题意，故排除；D)“私营机构工作岗位的缺失”是由承包商在政府生意上的损失和失业的政府职员消费的减少造成的，和州政府无关，故排除。
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