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  3. One fact was clearly demonstrated by the early sleep researchers: one part of the night is not just like another. As scientists

One fact was clearly demonstrated by the early sleep researchers: one part of the night is not just like another. As scientists

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问题       One fact was clearly demonstrated by the early sleep researchers: one part of the night is not just like another. As scientists began to compare the records of volunteers during the 1950s, they observed that human sleep follows a rhythmic schedule. They noted that not only was this schedule much the same in healthy persons of the same age with similar habits but, from night to night, each individual had an EEG record almost as consistent as a signature.
      Sleep and wakefulness, once considered to be the light and dark of consciousness, no longer seem to differ so sharply. To sleep does not mean to drown in an ocean of darkness. Actually, sleep is not a unitary state; it involves many shades or degree of detachment from the surrounding world. While sleep may feel like a blanket of darkness punctuated by dreams—a time when the mind is asleep—nothing could be less true. All night long a person drifts down and up through different levels of consciousness, as if on waves. With laboratory methods, researchers have been able to chart the typical stages of the journey into sleep.
      The journey starts while the subject is still awake but beginning to relax. His brain waves, which have been low, rapid, and irregular, begin to show a new pattern. This new pattern, which is known as alpha rhythm, is an even electrical pulsation of about nine to 12 cycles per second. Most people do not know what the alpha state feels like, but during the last few years researchers have been able to teach subjects how to recognize and control their alpha rhythm.
     When their EEG shows an alpha rhythm, the subjects are notified, either by a sound or by the appearance of a color on a screen. Because the alpha state tends to be pleasant and relaxed, the ability to sustain it can help tense people ease their passage into sleep. A moment of tension, a loud noise, an attempt to solve a problem, however, and the alpha rhythm may vanish.
     As the subject passes through the gates of the unconsciousness, his alpha waves grow smaller, and his eyes roll very slowly. For a moment, he may wake up during this early part of the descent, alerted by a sudden spasm that causes his body to jerk. Like the brain waves, this spasm is a sign of neural changes within. Known as the myoclonic jerk, it is caused by a brief burst of activity in the brain. Although it is related to epileptic seizures, the myoclonic jerk is normal in all human sleep. It is gone in a fraction of a second, after which descent continues. The subject has not felt the peculiar transformation, but now he is said to be truly asleep.
The use of the term "subjects" in the selection refers to
选项 A、waves.
B、dreams.
C、volunteers.
D、measurements.
答案C
解析 本题考查词义辨认。本文在第一段提㈩研究人员对一些志愿者“volunteers”进行睡眠研究，并将其记录进行对比得出结论。而文章在后边的内容中就对该研究进行了详述，如最后一段话的第一句“As the subject passes through the gates of the unconscious，his alpha waves grow smaller，and his eyes roll very slowly．”当实验对象进入意识模糊的状态时，他的“alpha waves”会减慢，而且眼睛的转动速度也会很慢。这句话的主语与后边的“his”是指同一事物，即研究人员的实验对象，也就是第一段第二句话所提到的在50年代参与实验的“volunteers”。所以文章在之后的描述中均用“subject”替代了“volunteer”。
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