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  3. Disagreements among economists are legendary, but not on the issue of free trade. A recent survey of prominent economists both c

Disagreements among economists are legendary, but not on the issue of free trade. A recent survey of prominent economists both c

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问题     Disagreements among economists are legendary, but not on the issue of free trade. A recent survey of prominent economists both conservative and liberal concluded that an economist who argues for restricting international trade is almost as common today as a physician who favors leeching.
    Why the consensus? International free trade, economists agree, makes possible higher standards of living all over the globe.
    The case for free trade rests largely on this principle: as long as trade is voluntary, both partners benefit, otherwise they wouldn’t trade. The buyer of a shirt, for example, values the shirt more than the money spent, while the seller values the money more. Both are better off because of the sale. Moreover, it doesn’t matter whether the shirt salesman is from the United States or Hong Kong(or anywhere else).
    The vast majority of American manufactures face international competition. This competition forces companies to improve quality and cut costs. By contrast, protectionism encourages monopoly, lower quality and higher prices.
    Americans pay an enormous price for protectionism over $60 billion a year, or $1000 for a family of four. Thanks to protectionism, for example, American consumers pay twice the world price for sugar.
    Free trade also makes the world economy more efficient, by allowing nations to capitalize on their strengths. The United States has an advantage in food production, for instance, while Saudi Arabia has an advantage in oil. The Saudis could undertake massive irrigation to become self-sufficient in food, but it is more economical for them to sell oil and purchase food from us. Similarly, we could become self-sufficient in petroleum by squeezing more out of oil shale. But it is much less costly to buy some of our oil from Saudi Arabia. Trade between our two countries improves the standard of living in both.
    Protectionism is both wasteful and unjust. It taxes most heavily the people who can least afford it. Thus, tariffs that raise the price of shoes burden the poor more than the rich. Despite the powerful case for free trade, the United States and the rest of the world have always been protectionist to some degree. This is because free trade benefits the general public, while protectionism benefits special interest groups, which are better organized, better financed and more informed. To make matters worse, much of what we hear on this issue is misinformation spread by the special interests themselves.
What is the author’s attitude toward protectionism denoted from the fifth paragraph?
选项 A、Ironic
B、Sincere
C、Gratefu.
D、Appreciative
答案A
解析 态度题。题干问作者对贸易保护主义的态度。根据第五段“美国人为贸易保护主义每年要耗费600多亿美元高昂的代价，即四口之家每年要耗费1000美元。由于贸易保护主义，美国消费者购买糖不得不花费比世界市场高一倍的价格”。显然保护主义不但没有起到保护作用，反而得不偿失，而本文作者倡导的就是自由贸易，可知，作者对贸易保护主义持讽刺的态度，故A项正确。其他三项均表示“赞成的”意思，不可能全部都是答案。
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