首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Migration is usually defined as "permanent or semipermanent change of residence". This broad definition, of course, would includ
Migration is usually defined as "permanent or semipermanent change of residence". This broad definition, of course, would includ
admin
2010-01-15
44
问题
Migration is usually defined as "permanent or semipermanent change of residence". This broad definition, of course, would include a move across the street or across a city. Our concern is with movement between nations, not with internal migration within nations, although such movements often exceed international movements in volume. Today, the motives of people who move short distances are very similar to those of international migrants.
Students of human migration speak of "push" and "pull" factors, which influence an individual’s decision to move from one place to another. Push factors are associated with the place of origin. A push factor can be as simple and mild a matter as difficulty in finding a suitable job, or as traumatic as war, or severe famine. Obviously, refugees who leave their homes with guns pointed at their heads are motivated almost entirely by push factors (although pull factors do influence their choice of destination).
Pull factors are those associated with the place of destination. Most often these are economic, such as better job opportunities or the availability of good land to farm. The latter was an important factor in attracting settlers to the United States during the 19th century. In general, pull factors add up to an apparently better chance for a good life and material well-being than is offered by the place of origin. When there is a choice between several attractive potential destinations, the deciding factor might be a noneconomic consideration such as the presence of relatives, friends, or at least fellow countrymen already established in the new place who are willing to help the newcomers settle in. Considerations of this sort lead to the development of migration flow.
Besides push and pull factors, there are what the sociologists call "intervening obstacles". Even if push and/or pull factors are very strong, they still may be outweighed by intervening obstacles, such as the distance of the move, the trouble and cost of moving, the difficulty of entering the new country, and the problems likely to be encountered on arrival.
The decision to move is also influenced by "personal factors" of the potential migrant. The same push-pull factors and obstacles operate differently on different people, sometimes because they are at different stages of their lives, or just because of their varying abilities and personalities. The prospect of packing up everything and moving to a new and perhaps very strange environment may appear interesting and challenging to an unmarried young man and appallingly difficult to a slightly older man with a wife and small kids. Similarly, the need to learn a new language and customs may excite one person and frighten another.
Regardless of why people move, migration of large numbers of people causes conflict. The United States and other Western countries have experienced adjustment problems with each new wave of immigrants. The newest arrivals are usually given the lowest-paid jobs and are resented by native people who may have to compete with them for those jobs. It has usually taken several decades for each group to be accepted into the mainstream of society in the host country.
The author thinks that pull factors______
选项
A、are all related to economic considerations
B、are not as decisive as push factors
C、include a range of considerations
D、are more important than push factors
答案
C
解析
本题询问细节,根据提示词“pull”可在文章第三段找到相关信息。通读本段可知, “pull factors”包括很多内容,如经济的、血缘的等等。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/x9nK777K
0
专业英语四级
相关试题推荐
HowtoWriteaBookReviewI.ThedefinitionofabookreviewA.adescriptiveandcriticalorevaluativeaccountofabook
(1)Saintsshouldalwaysbejudgedguiltyuntiltheyareprovedinnocent,buttheteststhathavetobeappliedtothemareno
HowtoConquerPublicSpeakingFearI.IntroductionA.Publicspeaking—acommonsourceofstressforeveryoneB.Th
Whatmightdrivingonanautomatedhighwaybelike?TheanswerdependsonwhatkindofsystemisultimatelyadoptedTwodist
PASSAGETHREEWhatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsAmericanhealth-caresystem?
GreenhouseEffectI.【T1】_____ofthegreenhouseeffectA.About【T2】_______ofthesunlightreachestheplanet’ssurfaceandisr
GreenhouseEffectI.【T1】_____ofthegreenhouseeffectA.About【T2】_______ofthesunlightreachestheplanet’ssurfaceandisr
Tomanyweb-buildingspiders,mostof【C1】______arenearlyblind,thewebistheiressentialwindow【C2】______theworld.,their
Tomanyweb-buildingspiders,mostof【C1】______arenearlyblind,thewebistheiressentialwindow【C2】______theworld.,their
AccordingtoDr.Jarvik’sstudies,middle-agedandolderpersonswouldexpectto______.
随机试题
导游员在运用音量技巧时,要本着的原则有()。
Excel中,某单元格D1中有“计算机技术”,另一单元格。E2中是“EXCEL”则在第E3单元格中输入=D1&E2,则回车后单元格中显示______。
某新生儿生后2周发生维生素D缺乏性手足抽搐惊厥时,应首选()
1.背景:某施工单位中标承建一座三跨预应力混凝土连续钢构桥,桥高30m,跨度为80m+136m+80m,箱梁宽14.5m,底板宽8m,箱梁高度由根部的7.5m渐变到3.0m。根据设计要求,0号、1号段混凝土为托架浇筑,然后采用挂篮悬臂浇筑法对称施
关于竣工质量验收程序和组织的说法,正确的是()。
风险管理信息系统应当()。
某市现有70万人口,如果5年后城镇人口增加4%,农村人口增加5.4%,则全市人口将增加4.8%,那么这个市现有城镇人口()。
“开窗实验”以汉密尔顿和霍基的字母转换实验为例加以说明,在该实验中,如果看到“U+4”,那么被试的反应是()。
招魂术认为可以通过有特殊才能的人——灵媒——与死人的灵魂交往,这种学说是骗人的。早在19世纪70年代,EdwinLankester教授便指出所谓的著名灵媒HenruSlade的“灵书”是在“灵魂”书写之前便在石板上就有的。这个例子说明招魂术毫无价值。如
Whichofthefollowingitalicizedpartsisusedasanobject?(2011)
最新回复
(
0
)