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  3. Suppose you accept the persuasive data that inequality has been rising in the United States and most advanced nations in recent

Suppose you accept the persuasive data that inequality has been rising in the United States and most advanced nations in recent

admin2019-07-08  60
问题     Suppose you accept the persuasive data that inequality has been rising in the United States and most advanced nations in recent decades. But suppose you don’t want to fight inequality through politically polarizing steps like higher taxes on the wealthy or a more generous social welfare system.
    【F1】There remains a plausible solution to rising inequality that avoids those polarizing ideas: strengthening education so that more Americans can benefit from the advances of the 21st-century economy. This is a solution that conservatives, centrists and liberals alike can comfortably get behind. After all, who doesn’t favor a stronger educational system. But a new paper shows why the math just doesn ’t add up, at least if the goal is addressing the gap between the very rich and everyone else.
    Brad Hershbein, Melissa Kearney and Lawrence Summers offer a simple little simulation that shows the limits of education as an inequality-fighter. In short, more education would be great news for middle and lower-income Americans, increasing their pay and economic security.【F2】It just isn’ t up to the task of meaningfully reducing inequality, which is being driven by the sharp upward movement of the very top of the income distribution.
    It is all the more interesting that the research comes from Mr. Summers, a former Treasury secretary who is hardly known as a soak-the-rich class warrior.【F3】It is published by the Hamilton Project, a centrist research group operating with Wall Street funding and seeking to find third-way-style solutions to America’ s problems that can unite left and right.
    【F4】In their simulation, they assume that 10 percent of non-college-educated men of prime working age suddenly obtained a college degree or higher, which would be an unprecedented rise in the proportion of the work force with advanced education. They assume that these more educated men go from their current pay levels to pay that is in line with current college graduates, minus an adjustment for the fact that more college grads in the work force could depress their wages a bit.
    【F5】"Increasing the educational attainment of men without a college degree will increase their average earnings and their likelihood of being employed," the authors write. And even if it doesn’ t do much to reduce overall inequality, they find it does reduce inequality within the bottom half of the income distribution, by increasing the earnings of those near the 25th percentile of earnings.
【F1】
选项
答案此外还有一种貌似可信的办法，既能够绕开那种两极化思维，又能够解决收入不均的加剧，那就是加强教育，从而让更多的美国人能够从21世纪的经济进步中受益。
解析     全文共有六段，主要围绕“教育如何影响收入水平”展开论述。第一、二段引出话题，指出近年来收入不均现象在美国及大多数国家愈演愈烈，加强教育貌似是解决收入不均的好办法。第三段阐述了一项实验研究并指出：更高的学历对于中低收入的美国人是个喜讯，但并不能有效地缓解收入不均问题。第四、五段详细阐述了实验者及实验过程。最后一段总结道：加强教育多少还是有点效果的。
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