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  3. 　　The age at which kids first fall victim to bullying (欺侮) could influence how strongly they are affected, suggests a new study.

　　The age at which kids first fall victim to bullying (欺侮) could influence how strongly they are affected, suggests a new study.

admin2021-09-14  4
问题 　　The age at which kids first fall victim to bullying (欺侮) could influence how strongly they are affected, suggests a new study. And, surprisingly, it is not the youngest kids who are hurt the most in the long term. Bullying can have long-lasting effects, but particularly when it begins in adolescence (青春期), the researchers say.
    People subjected to either oral or physical bullying are known to be at greater risk for developing depression, anxiety disorders or to behave violently. But not everyone reacts in this way. Children bullied for the first time before they hit adolescence seem to get over it, but those who are victimised for the first time late on in adolescence seem to become more aggressive or are more likely to turn to drink as a means of coping. These are the conclusions of psychologist Matthew Newman and colleagues from the University of Texas at Austin, US.
    The team gave questionnaires to nearly 1500 college students regarding their experience of physical and psychological bullying before adolescence—before high school—and in late adolescence—at high school. They assessed mood and mental state, judging by signs of anxiety or depression, such as sleeplessness. The group was also questioned about how they would react to certain challenges, such as being embarrassed or provoked.
    People who were bullied all revealed slightly higher levels of stress. But while those bullied earlier in life seemed to respond normally to provocation, people bullied for the first time late in adolescence are more withdrawn and sensitive to violence.
    The best solution was strong social support, whether from friends, family or school. Those with no one to share their problems with suffered the most.
    So, perhaps it is best not to shelter children completely from bullying early on, suggests Newman. "They may get stressed, but unhealthy coping really jumps out when they are bullied for the first time later on." The effects are likely to be related to the developing stress hormone system, which matures during adolescence, he concludes. Studies show abnormal stress responses in adult animals that experience social stress or aggression from other animals during adolescence.
The author most probably agrees that, when a child falls victim to bullying, his parents should ________.
选项 A、help and comfort him right away
B、not shelter him completely from it
C、wait until his stress hormone system matures
D、not interfere in until the child wants to share
答案A
解析 该句表明“社会支持”是最好的解决办法，A中提到的help(帮助)和comfort(安慰)就是对孩子的支持方式，虽然原文并没有提到这些“支持”应该在什么时候提供给受了伤害的小孩，但该句中的strong一词暗示给予孩子的支持越及时越好。越多越好。综合来看，A为最佳答案。B来自最后一段第1句，该句提到了这种做法是“最好”的，但要注意的是，原文还有一个条件：当伤害发生在幼年时，这种做法才是最好的。而本题题干并无包括这一个条件，B就变得断章取义，不符合本题题意。C和D中某些词来自原文，但C中的wait…和D中的not interfere in until…等内容都缺乏原文依据。
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