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  3. Advances in interfaces--the physical way we react with computers--and other techniques of controlling computers will supplement

Advances in interfaces--the physical way we react with computers--and other techniques of controlling computers will supplement

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问题    Advances in interfaces--the physical way we react with computers--and other techniques of controlling computers will supplement the role of the traditional keyboard and mouse. Technologies in development include surfaces that allow fingertip control of on-screen objects and devices that sense  and react to--movement.
   But we should assess human-computer interaction (HCI) to ensure that we retain control of key decision-making processes, one report suggests.
   Display technologies will soon allow us to fix screens of all sizes in a variety of fabrics. In the near future we will still be reading paper books and magazines; but we’ll also be using paper-like digital screens to distribute content.
   Cheap and easily-accessed digital storage allows consumers to electronically record and store more aspects of our lives--allowing us to share information and interact with people across the globe. This hyper-connectivity liberates us from fixed telephone lines, desks and offices, while advances in robotics develop the computer’s ability to learn and make decisions.
   "New computing technology is tremendously exciting," said Tom Rodden, Professor at the University of Nottingham.  "But the interaction between humans and computers is evolving into a complex ecosystem where small changes can have far-reaching consequences. While new interfaces and hyper-connectivity mean we are increasingly mobile, we can see that they are obscuring the line between work and personal space. "
   "Huge storage capabilities raise fundamental privacy issues around what we should be recording and what we should not. The potential of machine learning might well result in computers increasingly making decisions on our behalf. It is imperative that we combine technological innovations with an understanding of their impact on people. "
   The report argues that without proper monitoring and assessment it is possible that we may no longer be in control of ourselves or the world around us. This potentially places the computeron a collision course with basic human values and concepts such as personal space, society, identity, independence, perception, intelligence and privacy.
   The report gives recommendations for the HCI community to adopt to ensure that human values inform future development. These include educating young people so that they understand HCI and the impact of computer advances early on and engaging with governments, policy-makers and society as a whole to provide counsel and give advance warning of the emerging implications of new computing ecosystems.
   "Computing has the potential to enhance the lives of billions of people around the world. We believe that if technology is to truly bring benefit to humanity, then human values and the impact of technology must be considered at the earliest possible opportunity in the technology design process," said Abigail Sellen. one of the editors of the report.  
The word "imperative" (Line 3, Paragraph 6) is closest in meaning to
选项 A、urgent.
B、difficult.
C、appropriate.
D、extraordinary.
答案A
解析 “imperative”(第六段第三行)在意思上最接近哪一个词?根据第五段第二句“But the interaction between humansand computers is…far-reaching consequences．”可知人类与计算机之间的互动正在演变为一个复杂的生态体系，其中细微的变化都可能会有深远的影响。根据第六段第二句“The potential ofmachine learning might well result in computers increasingly mak-ing decisions on our behalf．”可知机器的学习潜能可能会导致计算机越来越多地代表我们做出决策。由此推断，鉴于技术发展与其对人类生活的重大影响，将技术创新与理解它们的影响结合起来是一项紧迫的任务，故选A。
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