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  3. Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form co

Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form co

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问题     Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.
    It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoe Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.
    Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush’s predecessors(including his father)had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged(Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chretien and Koizumi). The world’s three top central bankers(Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami)are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the world’s five richest men(Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht).
    Can this merely be coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rest sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So shortsighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.
    The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.
Which of the following is true according to the text?
选项 A、People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated.
B、VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.
C、The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go.
D、Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias.
答案D
解析 从文章第1段的内容可知，过去，各种各样的不公平和歧视受到人们的谴责或是被视为违法；但是，有一种隐秘的不公平和歧视继续盛行——按字母排序；从第2段的内容可知，人们早就知道，当乘客通过电话本叫出租车时，名为“AAAA cars”的出租车公司所具有的优势就比名为“Zodiac cars”的出租车公司大；但是，人们不太知晓的是：在生活中，Adam Abbott比Zoe Zysman有优势；第3段举例说明；第4段接着讲到，这仅是巧合吗?接着举例指出：在幼儿园，老师根据字母顺序从前到后给学生排座位，结果可能会造成更严重的后果，因为这些人受到的关注更少，他们也更缺乏公开表达自己的信心；从文章的最后一段内容可知，这种使人蒙羞的情况还在继续。据此可知，根据字母的先后排序的做法可能无意中导致偏见。因此D项为正确答案。
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