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  3. The questioning of the role of the public gallery is not a new phenomenon. It is something that has been argued over since its v

The questioning of the role of the public gallery is not a new phenomenon. It is something that has been argued over since its v

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问题     The questioning of the role of the public gallery is not a new phenomenon. It is something that has been argued over since its very conception, and the debate is ongoing.
    "Museum" and "gallery" are interchangeable words to describe any building used to exhibit objects of historic or artistic interest. Museums, in this sense, are a relatively recent phenomenon, going back no more than a couple of hundred years, to the latter part of the eighteenth century. During this period until the mid twentieth century, they were designed to resemble older ceremonial monuments such as palaces and temples which signified their associations with secular, and not religious beliefs. Secular truth meant a rational, verifiable and objective knowledge and thus, Art Museums, not only because of the scientific and humanistic disciplines practiced in them, such as conservation, art history, archaeology etc. , were seen as preservers of the community’s official cultural memory. Consequently, it can be argued that museums should be placed at the centre of the modern relations between government and culture. As a powerful social metaphor and as an instrument of historical representation, museums are crucial measurements of social changes.
    The idea of the museum has to, therefore, be "reborn" and some of its characteristics and challenges are clear. An understanding that communication is the basis on which culture is both maintained and transformed, demands a new approach to museum pedagogy. Schools and Colleges Programmes have become an integral part of museums globally. The Irish Museum of Modern Art which opened in nineteen ninety-one, for example, has a major education initiative inherent in its ethos. It has developed a number of programmes and projects intended to address the needs of specific groups, such as schools and colleges. During the academic year, IMMA invites teachers and tutors from pre-primary, primary, secondary and third-level schools and colleges to bring their class groups to the museum for pre-booked tours, gallery talks or to meet artists participating in the Artist’s Residency Programme.
    In Britain, local education authorities are developing a range of new initiatives to encourage effective co-operation between schools and museums. Schools can integrate what they have learned from museum resources into many aspects of the curriculum which also contributes to preparing pupils for the opportunities and experiences of adult life. Examples given indicate how work in history and art is enhanced by access to museum resources and the possibilities of learning are improved by first hand experience. Links between museums and schools are the foundation for wider contacts between museums and their communities but these liaisons between museums and the worlds of education must take new forms and use new strategies if we are to capture the interest and imagination of a new generation.
In discussing museums, the author focuses on its______.
选项 A、problems and solutions
B、history and records
C、nature and function
D、traditions of the past
答案C
解析 概括全文的主旨：文章重点讨论博物馆的“功能”。选项A的“解决途径”不在文中。B的“记录”没有体现。D的范围狭窄，无法包括后两段的内容。
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