首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
For as long as most people can remember, food has been getting cheaper and farming has been in decline. In 1974—2005 food prices
For as long as most people can remember, food has been getting cheaper and farming has been in decline. In 1974—2005 food prices
admin
2009-06-24
79
问题
For as long as most people can remember, food has been getting cheaper and farming has been in decline. In 1974—2005 food prices on world markets fell by three-quarters in real terms. Food today is so cheap that the West is battling gluttony even as it scrapes piles of half-eaten leftovers into the bin.
66.__________.
The Economist’s food-price index is higher today than at any time since it was created in 1845. Even in real terms, prices have jumped by 75% since 2005. No doubt farmers will meet higher prices with investment and more production, but dearer food is likely to persist for years. That is because "agflation" is underpinned by long-running changes in diet that accompany the growing wealth of emerging economies—the Chinese consumer who ate 20kg of meat in 1985 will scoff over 50kg of the stuff this year. That in turn pushes up demand for grain: It takes 8kg of grain to produce one of beef.
67.__________.
Dearer food has the capacity to do enormous good and enormous harm. It will hurt urban consumers, especially in poor countries, by increasing the price of what is already the most expensive item in their household budgets. It will benefit farmers and agricultural communities by increasing the rewards of their labour; in many poor rural places it will boost the most important source of jobs and economic growth.
68.__________.
That, at least, is the lesson of half a century of food policy. Whatever the supposed threat—the lack of food security, rural poverty, environmental stewardship—the world seems to have only one solution: government intervention. Most of the subsidies and trade barriers have come at a huge cost. The trillions of dollars spent supporting farmers in rich countries have led to higher taxes, worse food, intensively farmed monocultures, overproduction and world prices that wreck the lives of poor farmers in the emerging markets.
69.__________.
With agflation, policy has reached a new level of self-parody. Take America’s supposedly verdant ethanol subsidies. It is not just that they are supporting a relatively dirty version of ethanol (far better to import Brazil’s sugar-based liquor); they are also offsetting older grain subsidies that lowered prices by encouraging overproduction. Intervention multiplies like lies. Now countries such as Russia and Venezuela have imposed price controls—an aid to consumers—to offset America’s aid to ethanol producers. Meanwhile, high grain prices are persuading people to clear forests to plant more maize.
70.__________.
Cutting rich-world subsidies and trade barriers would help taxpayers; it could revive the stalled Doha round of world trade talks, boosting the World economy; and, most important, it would directly help many of the world’s poor. In terms of economic policy, it is hard to think of a greater good.
A. However, there is an obvious catch—and one that justifies government help—high prices have a mixed impact on poverty: They hurt anyone who loses more from dear food than he gains from a higher income.
B. And for what? Despite the help, plenty of Western farmers have been beset by poverty. Increasing productivity means you need fewer farmers, which steadily drives the least efficient off the land. Even a vast subsidy cannot reverse that.
C. That is why this year’s price rise has been so extraordinary. Since the spring, wheat prices have doubled and almost every crop under the sun—maize, milk, oilseeds, you name it—is at or near a peak in nominal terms.
D. Dearer food is a chance to break this dizzying cycle. Higher market prices make it possible to reduce subsidies without hurting incomes. A farm bill is now going through America’s Congress. The European Union has promised a root-and-branch review (not yet reform) of its farm-support scheme. The reforms of the past few decades have, in fact, grappled with the rich world’s farm programmes—but only timidly. Now comes the chance for politicians to show that they are serious when they say they want to put agriculture right.
E. Although the cost of food is determined by fundamental patterns of demand and supply, the balance between good and ill also depends in part on governments. If politicians do nothing, or the wrong things, the world faces more misery, especially among the urban poor. If they get policy right, they can help increase the wealth of the poorest nations, aid the rural poor, rescue farming from subsidies and neglect—and minimise the harm to the slum-dwellers and landless labourers. So far, the auguries look gloomy.
F. But the rise in prices is also the self-inflicted result of America’s reckless ethanol subsidies. This year biofuels will take a third of America’s (record) maize harvest. That affects food markets directly: Fill up an SUV’s fuel tank with ethanol and you have used enough maize to feed a person for a year. And it affects them indirectly, as farmers switch to maize from other crops. The 30m tonnes of extra maize going to ethanol this year amounts to half the fall in the world’s overall grain stocks.
选项
答案
E
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/xUTd777K
本试题收录于:
公共英语五级笔试题库公共英语(PETS)分类
0
公共英语五级笔试
公共英语(PETS)
相关试题推荐
AllFrenchpeoplecelebratethegrapeharvesteverySeptember.ManyvarietiesofwineproducedinFrancearenamedafterplaces
NewFoodsandtheNewWorldInthelast500years,nothingaboutpeople--nottheirclothes,ideas,orlanguages--haschanged
TheNationalParkServiceAmerica’snationalparksarelikeoldfriends.Youmaynotseethemforyearsatatime,butjust
ModerateEarthquakeStrikesEnglandAmoderateearthquakestruckpartsofsoutheastEnglandon28April2007,topplingchimn
ThelowesttemperaturethatmanhaseverknownwasrecordedinAntarctica.Polarexplorerscanstayalivewithoutheatersandw
ATheOrganizationofAnArticleBCheckYourReadingSpeedCAWaytoIncreaseYourReadingSpeedDCheckYourUnderstandin
TrafficinOurCitiesThevolumeoftrafficinmanycitiesintheworldtodaycontinuestoexpand.Thiscausesmanyproblems,
TrafficinOurCitiesThevolumeoftrafficinmanycitiesintheworldtodaycontinuestoexpand.Thiscausesmanyproblems,
RisingTuitionintheUSEverySpring,USuniversityadministratorsgathertodiscussthenextacademicyear’sbudget.They
RisingTuitionintheUSEveryspring,USuniversityadministratorsgathertodiscussthenextacademicyear’sbudget.Th
随机试题
(2009年4月)系统管理
睾丸胚胎癌的声像图特征是
某升压站配电装置母线构架高度为18m,母线构架旁有一根独立避雷针,独立避雷针的冲击接地电阻为20Ω,则独立避雷针与配电装置母线构架间空气中的最小距离为多,少米?
原始社会教育的特点是【】
在武术初级剑的教学中,关于“掌心贴近护手,食指伸直撑附于剑柄,拇指为一侧,其余手指为另一侧,直腕扣住护手,剑脊贴于前臂后侧”,描述的是()。
“逍遥法外”的结构类型是__________。(北京大学2015)
1921年7月23日,中国共产党第一次全国代表大会在上海召开,这标志着中国共产党正式成立。中国共产党创立的历史条件是
将E—R图转换为关系模式时,实体和联系都可以表示为()。
下列数据类型能够进行排序的是______。
A、Itisthecentreoftheworld.B、Itisnoteasytoreach.C、Ithasnoroomforlies.D、Itisbrightlikethesun.C
最新回复
(
0
)