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According to one of those often-quoted statistics that should be true but probably isn’t, the average number of people who read

admin2019-08-08  28
问题    According to one of those often-quoted statistics that should be true but probably isn’t, the average number of people who read a PhD thesis all the way through is 1.6. And that includes the author. More interesting might be the average number of PhD theses that the typical scientist has read from start to finish. Would it reach even that benchmark? 【F1】What we know for sure is that the reading material keeps on coming, with tens of thousands of new theses typed up each year.
   Completing a thesis represents a coming of age not just scientifically, but also educationally and personally. 【F2】It signals the passing of an intellectual milestone—from a student under the care of a supervisor to an individual who asks questions of their own. It marks the end of formal education, and graduation to a new phase in life. For many people, it also sees their departure from science altogether. 【F3】Often, the PhD years coincide with significant personal events, as we mature emotionally and meet friends, partners and colleagues who will stay with us for life. All this can also turn thesis-writing into a more significant event than merely the writing up of a (usually) minor piece of science.
   Still, it’s perhaps too easy to get sentimental over the thesis. For a start, the process has to keep up with the times. The PhD is already assessed in many different ways around the world and scientists should welcome ways to keep it relevant. 【F4】The goal of PhD assessment everywhere remains, rightly, to demonstrate that a student has conducted, and can communicate, independent, original research. But the way in which that’s achieved can and should be improved.
   For one thing, it doesn’t have to involve a vast printed volume. A lot of students could do themselves, their supervisors, their examiners and their wider audience a favor by keeping it crisp and short Postgraduate supervisors should stress this at the beginning. And it’s important to make the work in the thesis available to future researchers by publishing or sharing the data in some form. To contribute to the world beyond the author’s immediate circle, a PhD thesis should be read and used, and not just serve as a shelf ornament or doorstop.
   For those inspired to go back to their own thesis, and those who are examining a freshly written one, it’s best to be kind. 【F5】As long as the fundamentals are there—the question is interesting and the approach and analysis rigorous—it’s fair to forgive the typos and the research paths that turned out to be dead ends.
【F5】
选项
答案只要论文选题有意义、研究方法和分析过程严密这些基本要求达到了，那么一些错别字或者研究无法得出结果都是可以被原谅的。
解析 ①主句为“it’s+a．+不定式结构”，其中it为形式主语，不定式才是真正的主语。②该不定式有两个并列的宾语typos和the research paths；typo是“打字(排印)错误”的意思；the research paths后接有定语从句修饰；turn out to be sth．是一个系表结构，表示“到头来发现……／结果是……”，the research paths turn out to be dead ends可理解为“研究走入死胡同”或者“研究得不出实质性结果”。③as long as引导条件状语从句表示“只要……”；the fundamentals表示“基本的东西”；the fundamentals are there中there指的是在研究和论文中存在这些基本的东西。④破折号之间的内容是对the fundamentals的解释或举例。the approach and analysis rigorous为不完整表达，省略了系动词is，完整形式应为the approach and analysis is rigorous；approach指研究方法。
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