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  3. That experiences influence subsequent behavior is evidence of an obvious but nevertheless remarkable activity called remembering

That experiences influence subsequent behavior is evidence of an obvious but nevertheless remarkable activity called remembering

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问题      That experiences influence subsequent behavior is evidence of an obvious but nevertheless remarkable activity called remembering. Learning could not occur without the function popularly named memory. Constant practice has such as effect on memory as to lead to skillful performance on the piano, to recitation of a poem, and even to reading and understanding these words. So-called intelligent behavior demands memory, remembering being a primary requirement for reasoning. The ability to solve any problem or even to recognize that a problem exists depends on memory. Typically, the decision to cross a street is based on remembering many earlier experiences.
     Practice (or review) tends to build and maintain memory for a task or for any learned material. Over a period of no practice what has been learned tends to be forgotten; and the adaptive consequences may not seem obvious. Yet, dramatic instances of sudden forgetting can seem to be adaptive. In this sense, the ability to forget can be interpreted to have survived through a process of natural selection in animals. Indeed, when one’ s memory of an emotionally painful experi- ence lead to serious anxiety, forgetting may produce relief. Nevertheless, an evolutionary interpretation might make it difficult to understand how the commonly gradual process of forgetting survived natural selection.
     In thinking about the evolution of memory together with all its possible aspects, it is helpful to consider what would happen if memories failed to fade. Forgetting clearly aids orientation in time, since old memories weaken and the new tend to stand out, providing clues for inferring duration. Without forgetting, adaptive ability would suffer, for example, learned behavior that might have been correct a decade ago may no longer be. Cases are recorded of people who (by ordinary standards) forgot so little that their everyday activities were full of confusion. This forgetting seems to serve that survival of the individual and the species.
     Another line of thought assumes a memory storage system of limited capacity that provides adaptive flexibility specifically through forgetting. In this view, continual adjustments are made between learning or memory storage (input) and forgetting (outpu0. Indeed, there is evidence that the rate at which individuals forget is directly related to how much they have learned. Such data offers gross support of contemporary models of memory that assume an input-output balance.
From the evolutionary point of view, ______.
选项 A、forgetting for lack of practice tends to be obviously in adaptive.
B、if a person gets very forgetful all of a sudden he must be very adaptive
C、the gradual process of forgetting is an indication of an individual’ s adaptability
D、sudden forgetting may bring about adaptive consequences
答案D
解析 是非判断题。本题问，从进化的观点来看，下列选项哪个正确。依据第二段第二、三句“一段时间不实践，所学的东西往往会遗忘；其适应性结果可能不太明显。然而，戏剧性地突然遗忘的例子则明显是适应性的”。第二句说“适应性可能不明显”，作者暗示，适应性结果实际上是存在的，只不过不明显，可见A是不对的：第三句所说，与D一致，故D为正确答案，而C“逐渐的遗忘表明一个人的适应能力”与第三句矛盾，不对：B“如果一个人突然变得非常健忘，他一定非常具有适应性”文中未提，也违背常识，不对。
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