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  3. Science fiction has a tendency to become science fact. Something like Hal, the on-board spaceship computer capable of ethical de

Science fiction has a tendency to become science fact. Something like Hal, the on-board spaceship computer capable of ethical de

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问题     Science fiction has a tendency to become science fact. Something like Hal, the on-board spaceship computer capable of ethical decision making and intelligence in Arthur Clarke’s 2001: A space Odyssey, is being discussed seriously in modern artificial-intelligence(AI)laboratories.【F1】That is not to say that computers will evolve exactly as Clarke envisioned, any more than propulsion systems developed in the way Jules Verne imagined three-quarters of a century before a rocked sent a spaceship to the moon.【F2】However, computer scientists are developing systems that come very close to mimicking parts of human cognition; it seems plausible that something like Hal will be around before you depart from this earth.
    【F3】Computerized cognition, or artificial intelligence(AI), as it is often called, is broadly defined as that branch of computer science that deals with the development of computers(hardware)and computer programs(software)that emulate human cognitive functions. Cognition involves perception, memory, thinking, language processing and many other related functions which are carried out in a more or less exact way. You can, for example, see and recognize your friend’s face; compose a sensible poem set in iambic pentameter; mentally calculate the most direct route from your home to the college, and distinguish sour milk from fresh milk. We do things like this every day with no effort. We also do a lot of foolish things, such as put shampoo on our toothbrush. We are human—and that’s a problem for computers, being perfect machines that never make a mistake, "computer errors" notwithstanding.
    If a computer could simulate human thought and actions precisely, then it would be as good as we are in doing the list of things mentioned earlier, but also be just as fallible as we are.【F4】It is important to recognize the distinction between those who want to write programs that will perform human tasks well, such as the program we are presently using that draws a squiggly red line under misspelled words and those who aim to clone human thought. Computers and their impressive programs have become such an indispensible part of our everyday life that we wonder how we got along without them—still, they aren’t clever enough to shampoo with toothpaste.
    When we discuss AI, it is usually intertwined with Cognitive psychology and neuroscience.【F5】Ideas from one field, for example, neuroscience, might be incorporated into another, for example, artificial intelligence, and yet other ideas from cognitive psychology might be applied to both other areas. All three—AI, cognitive psychology, and neuroscience(especially neuroscience)—build a platform for cognitive science.
【F1】
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答案这并不是说计算机将会完全按照克拉克所预见的方向发展，也不是说推进系统像火箭携飞船飞赴月球的75年前朱尔斯·弗恩所设想的那样发展。
解析 本题考点是多重复合句的翻译，并考查not…any more than…结构以及定语从句的翻译。句子的主体结构是That is not to say…，any more than…，say的后面是that引导的宾语从句。any more than后仍然是宾语从句，而且后面所附属的状语成分比较复杂冗长，因此翻译成汉语时需要将意群拆开。
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