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  3. Psychologists once believed that the motive that caused men to strive to attain high-level managerial positions was the "need fo

Psychologists once believed that the motive that caused men to strive to attain high-level managerial positions was the "need fo

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问题     Psychologists once believed that the motive that caused men to strive to attain high-level managerial positions was the "need for achievement". But now they believe it is the "need for power".
    Power seekers strive hard to reach positions where they can exercise authority over large numbers of people. (46)Individual performers who lack this drive are not likely to advance far up the managerial ladder. They usually scorn company politics and devote their energies to other types of activities. The power game is part of management, and it is played best by those who enjoy it most.
    (47)One of the least rational acts of business organizations is that of hiring managers who have a high need to exercise authority, and then teaching them that authoritative methods are wrong and that they should be consultative or participative. (48)It is a serious mistake to teach managers that they should adopt styles that are inconsistent with their unique personalities. Yet this is precisely what a large number of business organizations are doing; and it explains, in part, why their management development programs are not effective.
    (49)What managerial aspirants should be taught is how to exercise their authority in a way that is appropriate to the situation and the people involved. They need to learn that the real source of their power is their own knowledge and skill, and the strength of their own personalities, not the authority conferred on them by their positions. When they lack the knowledge or skill required to perform the work, they need to know how to share their authority. (50)But when they know What has to be done and have the skill and personality to get it done, they must exercise their traditional authority in whatever way is necessary.

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答案商业机构最不理性的行为之一便是雇用那些发号施令的欲望强烈的人做经理，然后教育他们武断专制的管理方法是错误的，应该采取协商或参与的方法。
解析 本题测试以下语言知识点：1．句中的"One of the least rational acts of business organizations"是本句的主语；2．句中的"that of hiring managers who have a high need to exercise authority，and then teaching them that authoritative methods are wrong and that they should be consultative or participative"是本句的表语；3．句中的"hiring managers who have a high need to exercise authority，and then teaching them that authoritative methods are wrong and that they should be consultative or participative"是由"and"一词前后的两个动名词短语构成的并列平行结构；4．句中的"who have a high need to exercise authority"是定语从句用来限定修饰前面的名词"managers"；5．句中的"that authoritative methods are wrong and that they should be consultative or..."是一个宾语从句，作动词"teaching"的逻辑宾语。
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