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  3. Different Types of Parents It is universally true that all parents in the world love their children. However, as parents’ vi

Different Types of Parents It is universally true that all parents in the world love their children. However, as parents’ vi

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问题                 Different Types of Parents
    It is universally true that all parents in the world love their children. However, as parents’ views of life vary, they love their children in different ways. Generally speaking, in terms of how they treat their children, parents fall into three basic types: autocratic, democratic, and permissive.
    The autocratic parent’s word is the law. He always sets rules, expecting complete obedience from his children. He assumes that he knows what is best for his children and that they will learn discipline and respect for authority from his orders. He does not realize that he may not know best and that rules without mercy may breed contempt for authority. If the child came home late from a party because a major accident on the highway tied up traffic for miles, this parent would not allow the child to explain his reasons for being late. The child would be immediately punished. This kind of parent probably has good intentions, wanting his child to grow up "right," but his approach to the task may lead to conflicts.
    The democratic parent is not so strict. He is willing to discuss rules with his children and listen to their side of an argument. If his child came home an hour late from a party, he would listen to the explanation instead of punishing the child immediately. In general, the democratic parent lays down fewer rules than his autocratic counterpart because he realizes children must learn certain things in life on their own. He prefers to play the role of an advisor and is always available when his children need help.
    _______________________________________________________________________
    Too few people with children are democratic parents, which is the best of the three types. Too much or too little authority often breeds disrespect and resentment. A good parent should offer guidance and advice; he should not try to rule his children or disregard his children completely.
选项
答案 The permissive parent has no rules for his children and offers little guidance, Frequently, this parent is too busy to take time with his children and leaves them to TV, school and chance. He allows his children to come and go as they please. He doesn’t care what they do or he thinks they must learn to set their own rules. This parent doesn’t understand that all young people need guidance because when they grow up, they will have to abide by rules of society. Not learning to respect order early may cause the children to resent the rules everyone must obey.
解析     本文旨在通过对专制型、民主型及纵容型三种不同类型父母对待孩子的不同态度的描写，以形成鲜明的对比，从而得出一位合格的父母所应具备的品质及要求：为孩子提供指导和建议；不要试图对孩子进行统治或者完全忽视他们。文章结构整齐，思路清晰，首段和尾段均对缺省段起到了提示的作用。如果对各段大意及相互关系有了准确的把握，那么补全缺省段落也就迎韧而解了。下面，让我们对文中各段做一下分析：
    第一段，父母关爱自己的孩子是一个为大众所公认的真理。然而，父母对待生活的不同态度形成了他们关爱子女的不同方式。一般说来，根据父母对待子女的不同方式，可以将他们分为三类：专制型父母、民主型父母及纵容型父母。
    第二段，对于专制型父母来说，他们的话就是法律。他总是立下规矩，期望孩子对他完全顺从。他自认为他知道什么对孩子的成长有利，并确信他的命令会使孩子懂得遵守纪律、尊敬长辈，却没有意识到他那冷酷的统治最终会导致孩子对他们手中权力的反抗。
    第三段，相比之下，民主型父母就没有那么严格了，他总是愿意与孩子讨论并听取他们的意见。与专制型父母相比，民主型父母只立下少数规定，因为他们知道孩子必须靠自己在生活中学得一些东西。因此，这类父母更喜欢扮演一个建议者的角色，并在孩子需要帮助的时候向他们伸出援助之手。
    最后一段，对孩子实行民主的父母太少了。然而，这类父母是最理想的父母。对孩子要求太多或太少都会使孩子对家长产生不满和愤恨。一位好的父／母亲应该对孩子进行指导并给予建议；他不应该对孩子进行统治或者完全忽视他们。
    由此可见，第一段首先提出了本文的主题思想句，In terms of how they treat their children，parents fall into three basic types：autocratic，democratic，and permissive．其中关键要掌握三个关键词：autocratic，democratic，and permissive，因为下文分别要对这三种类型父母进行描述。由此可推知，在对第一类和第二类父母对孩子的态度的介绍之后，随之而来的应该是对纵容型父母的描述。这时，再参照最后一段，可以得出民主型父母是本文作者所推崇的一种类型，这同时也为我们补写缺省段落起到了点晴的作用，即在阐述纵容型父母时，要着重从强调他／她对孩子的态度上所产生的负面影响入手。
    原文中一些有用的短语：
    (1)generally speaking一般而言(＝in general)
    e．g．Generally speaking／In general，people like her．人们一般都喜欢她。
    (2)in terms of根据，按照
    e．g. In terms of the benefits of sports，they can keep us healthy，and cultivate our team spirit．从体育运动给我们带来的好处讲，它们可以使我们保持身体健康，并且培养我们的合作精神。
    (3)fall into：分成(＝classify into)
    e．g．This topic falls naturally into three sections. 这个论题可自然地分成三个部分。
    (4)be good for对……有益
    e．g．It isn’t good for children to give them everything they want．
    孩子们要什么就给什么，这对他们并无益处。
    (5)tie up阻碍；使动弹不得
    e．g．a)：The accident tied up the traffic for hours．这宗事故使交通阻塞了好几个小时。
    b)I can’t come out tonight．I’m a bit tied up at work．今晚我来不了，我有工作实在脱不开身。
    (6)be willing to do sth乐于做……
    e．g．As an eloquent girl，she is always willing to participate in various debates held in her school．她很善辩，总是愿意参加学校组织的各种形式的辩论赛。
    (7)lay down(坚定或正式)阐述；声明；规定
    e．g．The regulations lay down that members must always sign guests in．规则规定会员必须为带来的客人签字。
    (8)on one’s own单独地；独自地
    e．g．How do you like living on your own?你觉得独自生活怎么样?
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