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  3. What is it about walking, in particular, that makes it so amenable to thinking and writing? The answer begins with changes to ou

What is it about walking, in particular, that makes it so amenable to thinking and writing? The answer begins with changes to ou

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问题    What is it about walking, in particular, that makes it so amenable to thinking and writing? The answer begins with changes to our chemistry. When we go for a walk, the heart pumps faster, circulating more blood and oxygen not just to the muscles but to all the organs—including the brain. Many experiments have shown that after or during exercise, even very mild exertion, people perform better on tests of memory and attention. 【R1】__________
   The way we move our bodies further changes the nature of our thoughts, and vice versa 【R2】__________Likewise, when drivers hear loud, fast music, they unconsciously step a bit harder on the gas pedal. Walking at our own pace creates an unadulterated feedback loop between the rhythm of our bodies and our mental state that we cannot experience as easily when we’re jogging at the gym, steering a car, biking, or during any other kind of locomotion.
   Where we walk matters as well. In a study led by Marc Berman of the University of South Carolina, students who ambled through an arboretum improved their performance on a memory test more than students who walked along city streets. A small but growing collection of studies suggests that spending time in green spaces—gardens, parks, forests—can rejuvenate the mental resources that man-made environments deplete. 【R3】__________In contrast, walking past a pond in a park allows our mind to drift casually from one sensory experience to another, from wrinkling water to rustling reeds.
   Still, urban and pastoral walks respectively offer unique advantages for the mind. 【R4】__________Virginia Woolf, an English writer and one of the foremost modernists of the twentieth century, relished the creative energy of London’s streets, describing it in her diary as "being on the highest crest of the biggest wave, right in the centre and swim of things." But she also depended on her walks through England’s South Downs to have space to spread her mind out in. And, in her youth, she often travelled to Cornwall for the summer, where she loved to spend her afternoons in solitary trampling through the countryside.
   There, it becomes apparent that writing and walking are extremely similar feats, equal parts physical and mental. 【R5】__________ Likewise, writing forces the brain to review its own landscape, plot a course through that mental terrain, and transcribe the resulting trail of thoughts by guiding the hands. Walking organizes the world around us; writing organizes our thoughts.
   [A] Psychologists have learned that attention is a limited resource that continually drains throughout the day, for example, crowded intersection—rife with pedestrians, cars, and billboards—bats our attention around.
   [B] Psychologists who specialize in exercise music have quantified what many of us already know: listening to songs with high tempos motivates us to run faster, and the swifter we move, the quicker we prefer our music.
   [C] A walk through a city provides more immediate stimulation—a greater variety of sensations for the mind to play with. But, if we are already at the brink of overstimulation, we can turn to nature instead.
   [D] When we stroll, the pace of our feet naturally vacillates with our moods and the cadence of our inner speech; at the same time, we can actively change the pace of our thoughts by deliberately walking more briskly or by slowing down.
   [E] When we choose a path through a city or forest, our brain must survey the surrounding environment, construct a mental map of the world, settle on a way forward, and translate that plan into a series of footsteps.
   [F] Walking on a regular basis also promotes new connections between brain cells, staves off the usual withering of brain tissue that comes with age, increases the volume of the hippocampus (a brain region crucial for memory), and elevates levels of molecules that both stimulate the growth of new neurons and transmit messages between them.
   [G] Because we don’t have to devote much conscious effort to the act of walking, our attention is free to wander—to overlay the world before us with a parade of images from the mind’s theatre.
【R1】
选项
答案F
解析 空格前指出运动使得体内的化学物质发生变化并由此带来一些益处，这是对本段首句提出的问题的回答。而同样提到体内化学物质的变化的是F。F谈到定期散步对脑内化学物质产生的变化，延续了空格前谈论的话题，体现了前文提到的The answer begins with changes to our chemistry。且从F中的promotes、staves off、increases、elevates、stimulate这些动词可以看出F谈到的这些变化都是有益的，且都是有益于大脑，这不仅回答了本段首句的问题，也对应了其中的thinking and writing，故本题选F。
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