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  3. Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive today would have died of childhood disea

Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive today would have died of childhood disea

admin2012-08-10  34
问题     Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago. Because more people live longer, there are more people around at any given time. In fact, it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birth rates, that has led to the population explosion.
    Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency (依赖) load. In all societies, people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures, old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. In times of famine (饥荒), infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved, whereas if the parents survived they could have another child. In most contemporary societies, people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work; we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age. Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement, somebody else must support them. In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged people; unless they have wealth or private or government insurance, they must often "go on welfare" if they have a serious illness.
    When older people become senile (年老的) or too weak and ill to care for themselves, they create grave problems for their families. In the past and in some traditional cultures, they would be cared for at home until they died. Today, with most members of a household working or in school, there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. To meet this need, a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals (康复医院) have been built. These are often profit-making organizations, although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups. While a few of these institutions are good, most of them are simply "dumping grounds" for the dying in which "care" is given by poorly paid, overworked and under-skilled personnel.
Which of the following best describes the author’s attitude toward most of the nursing homes and convalescent hospitals?
选项 A、Sympathetic.
B、Unfriendly.
C、Optimistic.
D、Critical.
答案D
解析 可定位在文章最后一句：While a few of these institutions are good，most of them aresimply“dumping grounds”for the dying in which“care”is given by poorly paid．overworked andunder—skilled personnel．尽管只有少数这样的机构是好的，但是大多数机构只不过是倾倒垂死之人的“垃圾场”，所谓的“照顾”都是由收入低、工作超量、技术水平低下的人员提供的。作者的措辞显然是对大多数养老机构的强烈批评，故选项D为正确答案。
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