首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
In 1981 Kenji Urada, a 37-year-old Japanese factory worker, climbed over a safety fence at a Kawasaki plant to carry out some ma
In 1981 Kenji Urada, a 37-year-old Japanese factory worker, climbed over a safety fence at a Kawasaki plant to carry out some ma
admin
2010-07-19
57
问题
In 1981 Kenji Urada, a 37-year-old Japanese factory worker, climbed over a safety fence at a Kawasaki plant to carry out some maintenance work on a robot. In his haste, he failed to switch the robot off properly. Unable to sense him, the robot’s powerful hydraulic arm kept on working and accidentally pushed the engineer into a grinding machine. His death made Urada the first recorded victim to die at the hands of a robot.
This astounding industrial accident would not have happened in a world in which robot behavior was governed by the Three Laws of Robotics drawn up by Isaac Asimov, a science fiction writer. The laws appeared in 1, Robot, a book of short stories published in 1950 that inspired a Hollywood film. But decades later the laws, designed to prevent robots from harming people either through action or inaction, remain in the realm of fiction.
With robots now poised to emerge from their industrial cages and to move into homes and workplaces, roboticists are concerned about the safety implications beyond the factory floor. To address these concerns, leading robot experts have come together to try to find ways to prevent robots from harming people. "Security, safety and sex are the big concerns," says Henrik Christensen, chairman of the European Robotics Network at the Swedish Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, and one of the organisers of the new roboethics group. Should robots that are strong enough or heavy enough to crush people be allowed into homes? Should robotic sex dolls resembling children be legally allowed?
These questions may seem esoteric but in the next few years they will become increasingly relevant, says Dr. Christensen. According to the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe’s World Robotics Survey, in 2002 the number of domestic and service robots more than tripled, nearly outstripping their industrial counterparts. Japanese industrial firms are racing to build humanoid robots to act as domestic helpers for the elderly, and South Korea has set a goal that 100% of households should have domestic robots by 2020. In light of all this, it is crucial that we start to think about safety and ethical guidelines now, says Dr. Christensen.
So what exactly is being done to protect us from these mechanical menaces? "Not enough," says Blay Whitby, an artificial-intelligence expert at the University of Sussex in England. This is hardly surprising given that the field of "safety-critical computing" is barely a decade old, he says. But things are changing, and researchers are increasingly taking an interest in trying to make robots safer. One approach, which sounds simple enough, is to try to program them to avoid contact with people altogether. But this is much harder than it sounds. Getting a robot to navigate across a cluttered room is difficult enough without having to take into account what its various limbs or appendages might bump into along the way.
Regulating the behavior of robots is going to become more difficult in the future, since they will increasingly have self-learning mechanisms built into them, says Gianmarco Veruggio, a roboticist at the Institute of Intelligent Systems for Automation in Genoa, Italy. As a result, their behavior will become impossible to predict fully, he says, since they will not be behaving in predefined ways but will learn new behavior as they go.
Which of the following statements is NOT true of robots?
选项
A、It’s difficult to prevent robots from contacting people.
B、The behavior of robots will be more unforeseeable.
C、Robots in the future will be more intelligent than those today.
D、Programming robots through a cramped room is the most difficult task
答案
D
解析
细节题。末段第二句指出As a result,their behavior will become impossible to predict fully...,[B]符合文意。第五段第五、六句提到One approach...is to try to program them to avoid contact with people... But this is much harder…,[A]符合文意。第五段末句指出:操纵机器人穿过凌乱的房间就是很困难的事了,更不用说考虑它的肢体在路上碰到什么了。可见后者比前者更为困难,[D]与文意不符,故为答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/xulO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutintellectualpropertyisNOTtrue?Accordingtothepassage,studiesontheresultsof
PresentKibakihascalledforpatienceoftheinvestigationofthescandalsbecause
Languagechangeis
Theword"enervated"inthefirstparagraphprobablymeansAccordingtothepassage,whatdoestheauthorthinkofFrisen’sfin
AccordingtoLandes,somecountriesaresopoormainlybecauseTheculturalelementsidentifiedbyLandes______thoseidentifi
Fromthefirstparagraph,wegettheimpressionthatAccordingtothepassage,thetwodaughtersseemto
TheReader’sDigestinvestigationaskedAmericanswhichwasthebiggestthreattothenation’sfuture--bigbusiness,biglaboro
Anumberoffactorsrelatedtothevoicerevealthepersonalityofthespeaker.Thefirstisthebroadareaofcommunication,
随机试题
简述羊红膻的功用。
山梨醇硝酸苯汞
土地级别划分方法有()。
在下列内容中,反映建设工程质量和投资对立关系的是()。
作家A完成了一部反映希望工程的纪实文学作品,作家B经A同意将其改编为电视剧本,电视剧制作中心经同意将其拍摄成电视剧,电视台为制作希望工程宣传节目,从电视剧中取出若干片断,电视台应当()
重合闸前加速保护的缺点有()。
简述地役权与相邻关系的区别。(2011年真题)
通过语句X=InputBox("输入数据","示例","0")对变体类型的变量X输入数据,程序运行后,如果在对话框的输入区中输入数值100并按回车键,则下列叙述中正确的是
弟弟从小就爱运动,经常爬山、跑步、打篮球,所以身体特别好,这么多年来几乎都没生过病。他弟弟:
A、No,becausethereisnoladder.B、No,becauseHenrylikesthepresentcolor.C、Yes,someoneelsepaintedit.D、Yes,Henrypain
最新回复
(
0
)