首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
In 1981 Kenji Urada, a 37-year-old Japanese factory worker, climbed over a safety fence at a Kawasaki plant to carry out some ma
In 1981 Kenji Urada, a 37-year-old Japanese factory worker, climbed over a safety fence at a Kawasaki plant to carry out some ma
admin
2010-07-19
50
问题
In 1981 Kenji Urada, a 37-year-old Japanese factory worker, climbed over a safety fence at a Kawasaki plant to carry out some maintenance work on a robot. In his haste, he failed to switch the robot off properly. Unable to sense him, the robot’s powerful hydraulic arm kept on working and accidentally pushed the engineer into a grinding machine. His death made Urada the first recorded victim to die at the hands of a robot.
This astounding industrial accident would not have happened in a world in which robot behavior was governed by the Three Laws of Robotics drawn up by Isaac Asimov, a science fiction writer. The laws appeared in 1, Robot, a book of short stories published in 1950 that inspired a Hollywood film. But decades later the laws, designed to prevent robots from harming people either through action or inaction, remain in the realm of fiction.
With robots now poised to emerge from their industrial cages and to move into homes and workplaces, roboticists are concerned about the safety implications beyond the factory floor. To address these concerns, leading robot experts have come together to try to find ways to prevent robots from harming people. "Security, safety and sex are the big concerns," says Henrik Christensen, chairman of the European Robotics Network at the Swedish Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, and one of the organisers of the new roboethics group. Should robots that are strong enough or heavy enough to crush people be allowed into homes? Should robotic sex dolls resembling children be legally allowed?
These questions may seem esoteric but in the next few years they will become increasingly relevant, says Dr. Christensen. According to the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe’s World Robotics Survey, in 2002 the number of domestic and service robots more than tripled, nearly outstripping their industrial counterparts. Japanese industrial firms are racing to build humanoid robots to act as domestic helpers for the elderly, and South Korea has set a goal that 100% of households should have domestic robots by 2020. In light of all this, it is crucial that we start to think about safety and ethical guidelines now, says Dr. Christensen.
So what exactly is being done to protect us from these mechanical menaces? "Not enough," says Blay Whitby, an artificial-intelligence expert at the University of Sussex in England. This is hardly surprising given that the field of "safety-critical computing" is barely a decade old, he says. But things are changing, and researchers are increasingly taking an interest in trying to make robots safer. One approach, which sounds simple enough, is to try to program them to avoid contact with people altogether. But this is much harder than it sounds. Getting a robot to navigate across a cluttered room is difficult enough without having to take into account what its various limbs or appendages might bump into along the way.
Regulating the behavior of robots is going to become more difficult in the future, since they will increasingly have self-learning mechanisms built into them, says Gianmarco Veruggio, a roboticist at the Institute of Intelligent Systems for Automation in Genoa, Italy. As a result, their behavior will become impossible to predict fully, he says, since they will not be behaving in predefined ways but will learn new behavior as they go.
Which of the following statements is NOT true of robots?
选项
A、It’s difficult to prevent robots from contacting people.
B、The behavior of robots will be more unforeseeable.
C、Robots in the future will be more intelligent than those today.
D、Programming robots through a cramped room is the most difficult task
答案
D
解析
细节题。末段第二句指出As a result,their behavior will become impossible to predict fully...,[B]符合文意。第五段第五、六句提到One approach...is to try to program them to avoid contact with people... But this is much harder…,[A]符合文意。第五段末句指出:操纵机器人穿过凌乱的房间就是很困难的事了,更不用说考虑它的肢体在路上碰到什么了。可见后者比前者更为困难,[D]与文意不符,故为答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/xulO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
______isthestudyofspeechsoundsinlanguageoralanguagewithreferencetotheirdistributionandpatterningandtotacit
______isthescientificstudyoflanguage,studyingnotjustonelanguageofanyonesociety,butthelanguageofallhumanbei
TheFederationofAmericanScientistsbelievesthatAccordingtothepassage,playingvideogameshasallofthefollowingadva
AccordingtoLandes,somecountriesaresopoormainlybecauseIndiscussingLandes’swork,theauthor’stoneis
TheReader’sDigestinvestigationaskedAmericanswhichwasthebiggestthreattothenation’sfuture--bigbusiness,biglaboro
Neartheendofafive-daytourofhighlyautomated,high-techJapanesefactories,theAmericanvisitorwasoverwhelmedandfeel
A、Hehasclimbedmountainsusingastick.B、Hehasclimbedmountainsridingahorse.C、Hehasclimbedmountainssupportedbyag
A、Hehasclimbedmountainsusingastick.B、Hehasclimbedmountainsridingahome.C、Hehasclimbedmountainssupportedbyagu
A、JapanesePrimeMinisterKoizumi’svisitingTokyo’sYasukuniShrine.B、SomeJapanesepeople’sactionsandremarkstowardstheh
随机试题
荒忽兮远望,观流水兮潺缓。麋何食兮庭中?蛟何为兮水裔?前两句与后两句的情景交融方式有何不同?
函数在点(2,2)处的全微分dx为()
某患者由于疼痛难忍,要求安乐死。请回答下列关于安乐死的问题。被动安乐死是指医务人员给无法救治的濒死病人()
个人按市场价格出租的居民住房,可按4%的税率征收房产税,3甲d的税率征收营业税。()
探究细胞通透性,将刚出生的小鼠的肝细胞在体外培养一段时间后,检测培养液中的氨基酸、葡萄糖和尿素含量的变化(如图6)。请回答:由图可知,培养时间延长,培养液中葡萄糖和氨基酸含量_________,尿素含量___________。
人面鱼纹彩陶盆最可能出现在下列哪个地方?()
(2016国家63)20人乘飞机从甲市前往乙市,总费用为27000元。每张机票的全价票单价为2000元,除全价票之外,该班飞机还有九折票和五折票两种选择。每位旅客的机票总费用除机票价格之外,还包括170元的税费。则购买九折票的乘客与购买全价票的乘客人数相比
谶纬之学
Manypoliticiansarecharacterizedbyaninconsistencyofplatformduringcrises,totheextentthattheyarerarely______enco
A、Shegot100onthelasttest.B、SheisafriendofKaven.C、Shereviewedtheproblems.D、Shegivesthewomanacall.A男士说他希望认识
最新回复
(
0
)