首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
In 1981 Kenji Urada, a 37-year-old Japanese factory worker, climbed over a safety fence at a Kawasaki plant to carry out some ma
In 1981 Kenji Urada, a 37-year-old Japanese factory worker, climbed over a safety fence at a Kawasaki plant to carry out some ma
admin
2010-07-19
47
问题
In 1981 Kenji Urada, a 37-year-old Japanese factory worker, climbed over a safety fence at a Kawasaki plant to carry out some maintenance work on a robot. In his haste, he failed to switch the robot off properly. Unable to sense him, the robot’s powerful hydraulic arm kept on working and accidentally pushed the engineer into a grinding machine. His death made Urada the first recorded victim to die at the hands of a robot.
This astounding industrial accident would not have happened in a world in which robot behavior was governed by the Three Laws of Robotics drawn up by Isaac Asimov, a science fiction writer. The laws appeared in 1, Robot, a book of short stories published in 1950 that inspired a Hollywood film. But decades later the laws, designed to prevent robots from harming people either through action or inaction, remain in the realm of fiction.
With robots now poised to emerge from their industrial cages and to move into homes and workplaces, roboticists are concerned about the safety implications beyond the factory floor. To address these concerns, leading robot experts have come together to try to find ways to prevent robots from harming people. "Security, safety and sex are the big concerns," says Henrik Christensen, chairman of the European Robotics Network at the Swedish Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, and one of the organisers of the new roboethics group. Should robots that are strong enough or heavy enough to crush people be allowed into homes? Should robotic sex dolls resembling children be legally allowed?
These questions may seem esoteric but in the next few years they will become increasingly relevant, says Dr. Christensen. According to the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe’s World Robotics Survey, in 2002 the number of domestic and service robots more than tripled, nearly outstripping their industrial counterparts. Japanese industrial firms are racing to build humanoid robots to act as domestic helpers for the elderly, and South Korea has set a goal that 100% of households should have domestic robots by 2020. In light of all this, it is crucial that we start to think about safety and ethical guidelines now, says Dr. Christensen.
So what exactly is being done to protect us from these mechanical menaces? "Not enough," says Blay Whitby, an artificial-intelligence expert at the University of Sussex in England. This is hardly surprising given that the field of "safety-critical computing" is barely a decade old, he says. But things are changing, and researchers are increasingly taking an interest in trying to make robots safer. One approach, which sounds simple enough, is to try to program them to avoid contact with people altogether. But this is much harder than it sounds. Getting a robot to navigate across a cluttered room is difficult enough without having to take into account what its various limbs or appendages might bump into along the way.
Regulating the behavior of robots is going to become more difficult in the future, since they will increasingly have self-learning mechanisms built into them, says Gianmarco Veruggio, a roboticist at the Institute of Intelligent Systems for Automation in Genoa, Italy. As a result, their behavior will become impossible to predict fully, he says, since they will not be behaving in predefined ways but will learn new behavior as they go.
Which of the following statements is NOT true of robots?
选项
A、It’s difficult to prevent robots from contacting people.
B、The behavior of robots will be more unforeseeable.
C、Robots in the future will be more intelligent than those today.
D、Programming robots through a cramped room is the most difficult task
答案
D
解析
细节题。末段第二句指出As a result,their behavior will become impossible to predict fully...,[B]符合文意。第五段第五、六句提到One approach...is to try to program them to avoid contact with people... But this is much harder…,[A]符合文意。第五段末句指出:操纵机器人穿过凌乱的房间就是很困难的事了,更不用说考虑它的肢体在路上碰到什么了。可见后者比前者更为困难,[D]与文意不符,故为答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/xulO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Ahistoricalstudyoflanguageisastudyof______language.
______isthescientificstudyoflanguage,studyingnotjustonelanguageofanyonesociety,butthelanguageofallhumanbei
TheFederationofAmericanScientistsbelievesthatAccordingtothepassage,playingvideogameshasallofthefollowingadva
AccordingtoLandes,somecountriesaresopoormainlybecauseTheculturalelementsidentifiedbyLandes______thoseidentifi
JapaneseattackedthePearlHarborin______.
Neartheendofafive-daytourofhighlyautomated,high-techJapanesefactories,theAmericanvisitorwasoverwhelmedandfeel
A、Hehasclimbedmountainsusingastick.B、Hehasclimbedmountainsridingahorse.C、Hehasclimbedmountainssupportedbyag
A、upgradedinreliabilityandsafety.B、reducedinsizeandnumber.C、dismantledpartlylaterthisyear.D、maintainedintheirp
A、JapanesePrimeMinisterKoizumi’svisitingTokyo’sYasukuniShrine.B、SomeJapanesepeople’sactionsandremarkstowardstheh
随机试题
某妇女,30岁,经产妇,孕足月,阵发性腹痛5小时,阴道流液1小时,产前检查,肢体易触及,胎心较轻,肛诊宫口扩张4cm,先露0,骨盆后空虚,胎心140次/分,入院后宫缩50~60秒/3~4分钟,产妇屏气用力,2小时后再次肛诊,宫口3cm,宫颈增厚,该产妇应考
A、美西律B、维拉帕米C、利多卡因D、卡托普利E、强心苷对心脏的抑制作用最强的药物是
某药厂生产的批号为15070102的注射剂在临床应用时出现严重不良反应,造成8人轻度残疾的医疗事故,经药监局调查发现,主要原因是该药厂违规使用未取得批准文号的原料药造成的。请回答下列问题:该药厂生产的这批药品属于
对于一个企业法人组织,其内部控制的基本涵义主要包括( )。
按《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量》的建议,孕妇在孕中、后期的能量摄取量应在非孕妇女的基础上增加()。
童年期思维的质变表现为从幼儿期的()。
糖酵解进行的部位是()。
简述如何培养班集体。
当一个人的外表具有魅力时,他的一些与外表无关的特征也常常被肯定,这种现象被称为()。
YouwanttocontributetoProjectHopebyofferingfinancialaidtoachildinaremotearea.Writealettertothedepartmentc
最新回复
(
0
)