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  3. One of the questions that is coming into focus as we face growing scarcity of resources of many kinds in the world is how to div

One of the questions that is coming into focus as we face growing scarcity of resources of many kinds in the world is how to div

admin2009-05-21  97
问题     One of the questions that is coming into focus as we face growing scarcity of resources of many kinds in the world is how to divide limited resources among countries. In the international development community, the conventional wisdom has been that the 2 billion people living in poor countries could never expect to reach the standard of living that most of us in North America enjoy, simply because the world does not contain enough iron ore, protein, petroleum, and so on. At the same time, we in the United States have continued to pursue super affluence as though there were no limits on how much we could consume. We make up 6 percent of the world’s people; yet we consume one-third of the world’s resources.
    As long as the resources we consumed each year came primarily from within our own boundaries, this was largely an internal matter. But as our resources come more and more from the outside world, "outsiders" are going to have some say over the rate at which and terms under which we consume. We will no longer be able to think in terms of "our" resources and "their" resources, but only of common resources.
    As Americans consuming such a disproportionate share of the world’s resources, we have to question whether or not we can continue our pursuit of super affluence in a world of scarcity. We are now reaching the point where we must carefully examine’ the presumed link between our level of well-being and the level of material goods consumed. If you have only one crust of bread and get another crust of bread, your well-being is greatly enhanced. But if you have a loaf of bread, then an additional crust of bread doesn’t make that much difference. In the eyes of most of the world today, Americans have their loaf of bread and are asking for still more. People elsewhere are beginning to ask why. This is the question we’re going to have to answer, whether we’re trying to persuade countries to step up their exports of oil to us or trying to convince them that we ought to be permitted to maintain our share of the world fish catch.
    The prospect of a scarcity of, and competition for, the world’s resources requires that we reexamine the way in which we relate to the rest of the world. It means we find ways of cutting back on resource consumption that is dependent on the resources and cooperation of other countries. We cannot expect people in these countries to concern themselves with our worsening energy and food shortages unless we demonstrate some concern for the hunger, illiteracy and disease that are diminishing life for them.
选项 A、their excessive consumption has caused world resource exhaustion
B、they are confronted with the problem of how to obtain more material goods
C、their unfair share of the world’s resources should give way to proper division among countries
D、they have to discard their cars for lack of fossil fuel in the world
答案C
解析 这是一道细节题。文章第一段指出：在我们面临世界上许多资源不断匮乏这个问题时，令人关注的问题之一就是——如何在各个国家之间分享有限的资源；生活在贫困国家的20亿人永远也达不到北美大部分人的生活水平；尽管我们在美国可以无限制地消费，但是，我们却仍然在追求着极度的富裕；我们虽然只占世界人口的6%，但是却耗费着世界1/3的资源。这说明，作者认为，美国人应该停止不公平地消费世界资源的做法，使得资源在世界上各个国家平等分享。C说“他们不公平地分享世界资源的做法应该改为国家之间平等的分配方法”，这与文章的意思相符。文中没有提到A和D；文中只是说“尽管我们在美国可以无限制地消费，却仍然在追求着极度的富裕”，并没有说面临如何获得更多的物资的问题，所以B不对。
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