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  3. Television has transformed politics in the United States by changing the way in which information is disseminated, by altering p

Television has transformed politics in the United States by changing the way in which information is disseminated, by altering p

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问题       Television has transformed politics in the United States by changing the way in which information is disseminated, by altering political campaigns, and by changing citizens’ patterns of response to politics. By giving citizens independent access to the candidates, television diminished the role of the political party in the selection of the major party candidates. By centering politics on the person of the candidate, television accelerated the citizen’s focus on character rather than issues.
     Television has altered the forms of political communication as well. The messages on which most of us rely are briefer than they once were. The stump speech, a political speech given by traveling politicians and lasting 1.5 to 2 hours, which characterized nineteenth-century political discourse, has given way to the 30 second advertisement and the 10 second "sound bite" in broadcast news. Increasingly the audience for speeches is not that standing in front of the politician but rather the viewing audience who will hear and see a snippet (片断) of the speech on the news.
     In these abbreviated forms, much of what constructed the traditional political discourse of earlier ages has been lost. In 15 or 30 seconds, a speaker cannot establish the historical context that shaped the issues in question, cannot detail the probable causes of the problem, and cannot examine alternative proposals to argue that one is preferable to others. In snippets, politicians assert but do not argue.
     Because television is an intimate medium, speaking through it required a changed political style that was more conversational, personal, and visual than that of the old-style stump speech. Reliance on television means that increasingly our political world contains memorable pictures rather than memorable words. Schools teach us to analyze words and print. However, in a world in which politics is increasingly visual, informed citizenship requires a new set of skills.
     Recognizing the power of television’s pictures, politicians craft televisual, staged events, called pseudo-events, designed to attract media coverage. Much of the political activity we see on television news has been crafted by politicians, their speechwriters, and their public relations advisers for televised consumption. Sound bites in news and answers to questions in debates increasingly sound like advertisements.
The purpose of paragraph 4 is to suggest that
选项 A、politicians will need to learn to become more personal when meeting citizens.
B、politicians who are considered very attractive are favored by citizens over politicians who are less attractive.
C、citizens tend to favor a politician who analyzes the issues over one who does not.
D、citizens will need to learn how to evaluate visual political images in order to become better informed.
答案D
解析 本题考查段落大意。回答这道问题需要仔细研读第四段，找出主题句，并且尤其要注意信息词however之后的句子，“However，in a world in which politics is increasingly visual，informed citizenship requires a new set of skills．(在一个政治日趋视觉化的世界里，了解情况的公民需要一套新的技巧。)”他们需要这种技巧的原因，在段首已有交代，“…speaking through it required a changed political style that was more conversational，personal，and visual than that of the old-style stump speech． (通过电视演讲要求比老式政治演讲更多变的政治风格，即要更加口语化、个人化和视觉化)”，面对这些变化，答案D “citizens will need to learn how to evaluate visual political images in order to become better informed(公民需要学会如何评价视觉上的政治形象以获得更多的信息)”是正确的。
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