2. 外语
  3. Dr. Thomas Starzl, like all the pioneers of organ transplant, had to learn to live with failure. When he performed the world’s f

Dr. Thomas Starzl, like all the pioneers of organ transplant, had to learn to live with failure. When he performed the world’s f

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问题     Dr. Thomas Starzl, like all the pioneers of organ transplant, had to learn to live with failure. When he performed the world’s first liver transplant 25 years ago, the patient, a three-year-old boy, died on the operating table. The next four patients didn’t live long enough to get out of the hospital. But more determined than discouraged, Starzl and his colleagues went back to their lab at the University of Colorado Medical School. They devised techniques to reduce the heavy bleeding during surgery, and they worked on better ways to prevent the recipient’s immune system from rejecting the organ—an ever-present risk. Now, thanks to further refinements, about two thirds of all liver-transplant patients are living more than a year.
    But the triumphs of the transplant surgeons have created yet another tragic problem: a severe shortage of donor organs. "As the results get better, more people go on the waiting lists and there’s a wider disparity(不同)between supply and need," says one doctor. The American Council on Transplantation estimates that on any given day 15,000 Americans are waiting for organs. There is no shortage of actual organs; each year about 25,000 healthy people die unexpectedly in the United States, usually in accidents. The problem is that fewer than 20% become donors.
    This trend persists despite laws designed to encourage organ recycling. Under the federal uniform Anatomical Gift Act, a person can authorize the use of his organs after death by signing a statement. Legally, the next of kin can veto these posthumous(死后的)gifts, but surveys indicate that 70 to 80 % of the public would not interfere with a family member’s decision. The bigger roadblock, according to some experts, is that physicians don’t ask for donations, either because they fear offending grieving survivors or because they still regard some transplant procedures as experimental.
    When there aren’t enough organs to go around, distributing the available ones becomes a matter of deciding who will live and who will die. Once donors and potential recipients have been matched for body size and blood type, the sickest patients usually go to the local waiting list. Beyond the seriousness of the patient’s condition, doctors base their choice on such criteria as the length of time the patient has been waiting, how long it will take to obtain an organ and whether the transplant team can gear up in time.
According to the first paragraph, which of the following is true?
选项 A、He failed finally, though Dr. Thomas Starzl worked hard with his colleagues.
B、To prevent the recipient’s immune system from rejecting the organ is often very risky.
C、All liver-transplant patients can live more than a year except for the three-year-old boy who died on the operating table.
D、After his first liver transplant operation, Dr. Starzl became very discouraged.
答案B
解析 细节题。第一段倒数第二句末尾的ever-present意为经常存在的，也就是说防止病人的免疫系统对器官排斥是常常是有风险的。
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