首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
"Museum" is a slippery word. It first meant (in Greek) anything consecrated to the Muses: a hill, a shrine, a garden, a festival
"Museum" is a slippery word. It first meant (in Greek) anything consecrated to the Muses: a hill, a shrine, a garden, a festival
admin
2013-01-25
44
问题
"Museum" is a slippery word. It first meant (in Greek) anything consecrated to the Muses: a hill, a shrine, a garden, a festival or even a textbook. Both Plato’s Academy and Aristotle’s Lyceum had a mouseion, a muses’ shrine. Although the Greeks already collected detached works of art, many temples—notably that of Hera at Olympia (before which the Olympic flame is still lit) —had collections of objects, some of which were works of art by well known masters, while paintings and sculptures in the Alexandrian Museum were incidental to its main purpose.
The Romans also collected and exhibited art from disbanded temples, as well as mineral specimens, exotic plants, animals; and they plundered sculptures and paintings (mostly Greek) for exhibition. Meanwhile, the Greek word had slipped into Latin by transliteration (though not to signify picture galleries, which were called pinacothecae) and museum still more or less meant "Muses’ shrine".
The inspirational collections of precious and semi-precious objects were kept in larger churches and monasteries which focused on the gold-enshrined, bejeweled relics of saints and martyrs. Princes, and later merchants, had similar collections, which became the deposits of natural curiosities: large lumps of amber or coral, irregular pearls, unicorn horns, ostrich eggs, fossil bones and so on. They also included coins and gems—often antique engraved ones—as well as, increasingly, paintings and sculptures. As they multiplied and expanded, to supplement them, the skill of the fakers grew increasingly refined.
At the same time, visitors could admire the very grandest paintings and sculptures in the churches, palaces and castles; they were not" collected "either, but "site-specific" , and were considered an integral part beth of the fabric of the buildings and of the way of life which went on inside them—and most of the buildings were public ones. However, during the revival of antiquity in the fifteenth century .fragments of antique sculpture were given higher status than the work of any contemporary, so that displays of antiquities would inspire artists to imitation, or even better, to emulation. And so could be considered Muses’ shrines in the former sense. The Medici garden near San Marco in Florence, the Belvedere and the Capitol in Rome were the most famous of such early" inspirational" collections. Soon they multiplied, and, gradually, exemplary "modern" works were also added to such galleries.
In the seventeenth century, scientific and prestige collecting became so widespread that three or four collectors independently published directories to museums all over the known world. But it was the age of revolutions and industry which produced the next sharp shift in the way the institution was perceived; the fury against royal and church monuments prompted antiquarians to shelter them in asylum-galleries, of which the Muses des Monuments Francais was the most famous. Then, in the first half of the nineteenth century .museum funding took off .allied to the rise of flew wealth: London acquired the National Gallery and the British Museum, the Louvre was organized, the Museum-Insel was begun in Berlin, and the Munich galleries were built In Vienna, the huge Kunsthistorisches and Naturhistorisches Museums took over much of the imperial treasure. Meanwhile, the decline of craftsmanship (and of public taste with it) inspired the creation of "improving "collections. The Victoria and Albert Museum in London was the most famous, as well as perhaps the largest of them.
The idea that museum could mean a mountain or an object originates from______.
选项
A、the Romans
B、Florence
C、Olympia
D、Greek
答案
D
解析
文章表明,museum首先意味着所有神圣的东西。第一段第二句It first meant(in Greek)any-thing consecrated to the Muses。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/yG1O777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Behaviorsthatwedonotunderstandoftenbecomenearlyinvisible-evenwhen,inretrospect,weseehowtrulystrangetheyare.
WhenaScottishresearchteamstartledtheworldbyrevealingthreemonthsagothatithadclonedanadultsheep,PresidentClin
Perhapsmostimportant,thereportcould_____morelight,thoughitdoesgivesome,onhowchildwelfareischangingovertime.
Inthisfactory,suggestionsoftenhavetowaitfurmonthsbeforetheyarefully________.
Theintellectually_____enterpriseofsciencedependsonfreecommunication.
Terrorismhasbecomesowidespreadthatitisnowimpossibletodismissitastheactionofafewcrazypeople.Infact,terroris
Amajornewareaofbioethicsistheethicsofhealthpolicyandhealth-resourceallocation.
Hewritesinavery______manner;there’remanymistakesalmostineverypage.
Researcherswhorefusetosharedatawithothersmay【51】otherstowithholdresultsfromthem,【52】astudybyhealth-policyanalys
Withitsanti-terrorismcampaigntaking______overanythingelse,thegovernmentisextendingitsjobandrunninginmoreaffai
随机试题
E公司2012年度有关资料如下:(1)年末公司拥有普通股200万股,其中含2012年7月增发普通股100万股;优先股100万股;(2)当年实现税后净利150万元,比上年增加了30万元;(3)现金股利总额为90万元,比上年增长10万元,同时按每股0.2
在Word中编辑一个文档,其中要将所有的“文本”加上着重号,可以通过替换操作实现。()
在慢性肺心病的发病机制中。导致肺动脉高压的最重要因素是
关于别构调节的叙述,错误的是
肺源性心脏病时最常见的心脏改变是
建设工程质量受到多种因素的影响,下列因素中对工程质量产生影响的有( )。
中国的菜系,按传统习惯划分的“四大菜系”,指的是()四大菜系。
为防止全麻时呕吐和术后腹胀,手术前禁食、禁饮的时间是()。
简述精神分裂症的社会心理因素。
Somefindingsareissuedrecentlyaboutattendingacommunitycollege.Mostworkerswhohavea【C1】______fromacommunitycollege
最新回复
(
0
)