首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
【F1】The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, ass
【F1】The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, ass
admin
2017-06-25
59
问题
【F1】
The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision.
【F2】
Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed intuition to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise; and to integrate action into the process of thinking.
Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as an excuse for capriciousness.
Isenberg’s recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers’ intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an Aha! experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis.【F3】
Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action.
Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.
One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that thinking is inseparable from acting. Since managers often know what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later.【F4】
Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking-acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.
【F5】
Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue.
They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue. One implication of thinking-acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just of implementing the solution.
【F1】
选项
答案
大部分成功的高层管理人员并不拘泥于传统的推理模式,即:首先确定目标,然后估定问题,摆出各种可能性,估计成功率,再做决定,最后才付诸行动去实施。
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/yGbZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
There’snothingsimpleaboutguncontrol,atangleoflegal,politicalandpublic-healthissuescomplicatedbyculturalpreferen
"Weliveinasocietywhichseeshighself-esteemasaproofofwell-being,butwedonotwanttobeintimatewiththisadmirab
Psychologistshaveknownforacenturythatindividualsvaryintheircognitiveability.Butaresomegroups,likesomepeople,
KellySortinohadatoughtimerecallingwhatshe’daccomplishedattheendofeachbusyworkday.Herjobasheadoftheupper
Economics,asweknowit,isthesocialscienceconcernedwiththeproduction,distribution,exchange,andconsumptionofgoods
【F1】Itistheworld’sfourth-most-importantfoodcrop,aftermaize,wheatandrice,whichprovidesmorecalories,morequickly,
Itisimportantthattheybelookingatthespeakerattheprecisemomentwhenthespeakerreestablisheseyecontact:iftheyar
YouhavejustcomebackfromCanadaandfoundamusicCDinyourluggagethatyouforgottoreturntoBob,yourlandlordthere.
Heroesarepeoplethathaveaehievedsomethingthatweadmire.Itcouldbeacharacterinabookoramovie.Everybodylovesah
Thehappieryouare,thebetter,right?Notnecessarily.Studiesshowthatthereisadarkersidetofeelinggoodandthatthe【C
随机试题
中枢免疫器官由胸腺、骨髓和淋巴结组成,是免疫细胞发生、增殖、分化、成熟的场所。
王某,经产妇,昨日经阴道顺产一正常男婴。目前主诉乳房胀痛,下腹阵发性轻微疼痛。查体:乳房胀痛,无红肿;子宫硬,宫底在腹部正中,脐下2指;阴道出血同月经量。该孕妇乳房胀痛首选的护理措施是
水闸闸室止水缝部位混凝土浇筑,正确的做法是()。
对于长期借款企业来讲,若预测市场利率将上升,应与银行签订固定利率合同;反之,则应签订浮动利率合同。()
下列关于对称与不对称说法正确的有()。
影响销售渠道选择的因素有()。
下列哪两个国家是第二次工业革命的发源地和“中心”?
Ifyou’relookingforacreativesolutiontosomeproblematwork,don’tretreatintoachamberofsolitudetoponderyourdilem
阅读以下说明,回答问题1至问题5。【说明】某企业的网络安装防火墙后其拓扑结构如图4-1所示。
Somethingweirdishappeningintheoncemarginalworldofenvironmentalism.Thegreencauseisnolongerth9preserveofwoolly
最新回复
(
0
)