首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Sitting in stationary traffic is, at best, a Zen experience. Drivers mired in a jam learn to cede control to the powers that be,
Sitting in stationary traffic is, at best, a Zen experience. Drivers mired in a jam learn to cede control to the powers that be,
admin
2013-02-03
70
问题
Sitting in stationary traffic is, at best, a Zen experience. Drivers mired in a jam learn to cede control to the powers that be, becoming at one with the universe as they breathe in the mind-numbing fumes all around. At worst, it is an on-going battle for sanity. But now, according to several groups of researchers in America and Germany, there is something that drivers can do to take back control over the roads. Get adaptive cruise control. And, of course, use it.
Adaptive cruise control (ACC) , as its name suggests, is a modified version of traditional cruise control. It employs radar to monitor the road ahead of a vehicle, automatically adjusting that vehicle’s speed to maintain a safe distance from the one in front. This is safer than manual driving because it reduces the system’s reaction time from nearly a second (human) to practically instantaneous (machine) , thus helping to forestall shunts. But ACC may have a useful side-effect, arising from the fact that another effect of slow human reaction times is to produce traffic jams on apparently open roads.
Such jams start when a car slows suddenly to allow, for example, another vehicle to enter the traffic stream. Slow reaction times mean that instead of responding smoothly, the drivers behind such a vehicle often end up slamming on the brakes. That slamming propagates backwards, and before long the traffic is at a standstill. So it makes sense that ACC would reduce not only collisions, but also congestion. What is unexpected is how few vehicles need to have it operating for all to benefit. As Craig Davis of the University of Michigan reports in Physical Review E, only 20% of cars need to employ ACC in order to prevent completely those jams that are caused by a slow lead car on a high-speed, single-lane road. According to Dr. Davis’s computer model, even a rate of use of ACC as low as 13% can improve the flow of traffic significantly.
ACC is not a panacea. Dr. Davis got less promising results for more complex road conditions, particularly those near junctions. And a similar model built by Boris Kerner, a researcher for Daimlet Chrysler, in Stuttgart, Germany, indicates that in certain bottleneck conditions, ACC may even cause extra congestion. These disappointing results can, however, be ameliorated by shortening the "headway" in ACC-equipped vehicles, according to Martin Treiber of the Dresden University of Technology, also in Germany.
Headway is the gap, measured in seconds, that a driver puts between himself and the car ahead. Since ACC reacts more quickly than a human, people who have it fitted can afford to allow less headway.
Summary :
Stationary traffic can drive people mad. However, according to American and German researchers, adaptive cruise control (ACC) can help drivers take【61】. ACC adapts a car’s speed to keep a safe distance from the one ahead by using radar to monitor the road ahead. ACC is safer than manual driving because it significantly reduces the system’s【62】, and collisions and congestion in addition. According to Dr. Davis’ computer model, if【63】of cars use ACC, the flow of traffic can be improved significantly. However, ACC should not be seen as a panacea. In【64】conditions, it may even cause extra jams, according to a computer model. But this situation can be improved by reducing【65】in ACC-equipped vehicles.
选项
答案
13%
解析
(第三段末尾,According to Dr. Davis’s computer model, even a rate of use of ACC as low as 13%can improve the flow of traffic significantly,即即使只有13%的人使用ACC,道路交通状况也会明显改善。)
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/yGyK777K
本试题收录于:
A类竞赛(研究生)题库大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)分类
0
A类竞赛(研究生)
大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)
相关试题推荐
Whatcanwedotostaywell?It’sagoodideatoexercise,eatfruit,vegetables,anddrinklotsofwater.Wealsoknowthingsn
Likepeople,eachcountryhasuniquecharacteristics.Manycountriesareknownbytheproductstheyproduce.Theseproductsare
Winecanbemadewithredgrapesorwhitegrapes,and,especiallyinthecaseofredwines,anumberofdoctorshavereportedth
KnowingthatMrs.Mallardwasafflictedwithahearttrouble,greatcarewastakentobreaktoherasgentlyaspossiblethenew
Nowadays,heavytraffichasbecomethesourceofgreatestcomplaintinmanybigcities.Whatcanwedoonthisprobleminyouro
Malnutritionduringweaningage—whenbreastmilkisbeingreplacedbysemi-solidfoods—ishighlyprevalentinchildrenofpoorh
Workingouttomusiccanimprovethecoordinationofyourmindandbody,【C1】______youarefootballcrazyorkeenontennis.Th
Whichofthefollowingnumbersshouldreplacethequestionmark?
Manystudentsfindtheexperienceofattendinguniversitylecturestobeaconfusingandfrustratingexperience.Thelecturerspe
Manystudentsfindtheexperienceofattendinguniversitylecturestobeaconfusingandfrustratingexperience.Thelecturerspe
随机试题
女,25岁,系足部血管损伤大出血引起休克,已作了抢救,反应血容量补充成功的临床指标是
干燥失重检查采用的方法是
对于必须进入冬季、雨季施工的工程,应落实季节性施工措施,以增加全年的施工日数,提高施工的连续性和( )性。
下列各情形,税务机关有权核定应纳税额的有()。
在我国,重复保险依法采用()方式赔偿。
股票实质上代表了股东对股份公司的( )。
中外合资经营企业的外方合营者未按照合同的规定如期缴付其出资,经中方合营者催告1个月后仍未缴付的,可能引起的法律后果有()。
某人使用针管注射毒品被查获,对于注射针管,公安机关应当()。
文学翻译的最高理想可以说“化”。把作品从一国文字转变成另一国文字,既能不因语文习惯的差异而露出生硬牵强的痕迹,又能完垒保存原作的风味,那就算得入于“化境”。十七世纪一个英国人赞美这种造诣高的翻译,比为原作的“——”,躯体换了一个,而精魂依然故我。换句话说,
甲为了筹资,将其所有的一块名贵手表质押给乙,并约定在质押期间乙可以使用该手表。在此期间,乙不慎将表损坏,交予丙进行修理。在修理期间,该手表被丁盗走。则
最新回复
(
0
)