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  3. The concept of "environment" is certainly difficult and may even be misunderstood; but we have no handy substitute. It seems sim

The concept of "environment" is certainly difficult and may even be misunderstood; but we have no handy substitute. It seems sim

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问题     The concept of "environment" is certainly difficult and may even be misunderstood; but we have no handy substitute. It seems simple enough to distinguish between the organism and the surrounding environment and to separate forces acting on an organism into those that are internal and biological and those that are external and environmental. But in actual practice this system breaks down in many ways, because the organism and the environment are constantly interacting so that the environment is modified by the organism and vice versa.
    In the case of man, the difficulties with the environmental concept are even more complicated because we have to deal with man as an animal and with man as a bearer (持有者) of culture. If we look at man as an animal and try to analyze the environmental forces that are acting on the organism, we find that we have to deal with things like climate, soil, plants, and such-like factors common to all biological situations; but we also find, always, very important environmental influences that we can only class as "cultural", which modify the physical and biological factors. But man, as we know him, is always a bearer of culture; and if we study human culture, we find that it, in turn, is modified by the environmental factors of climate and geography. We thus easily get into great difficulties from the necessity of viewing culture, at one moment, as a part of the man and, at another moment, as a part of the environment.
Which of the following words can best describe the popular understanding of "environment" as the author sees it?
选项 A、Elaborate,
B、Prejudiced.
C、Faultless.
D、Oversimplified.
答案D
解析 本题问从文章作者角度来看，下面哪一个词汇可以最好地表达人们普遍是怎样理解“环境”的。根据文章第一段的内容，尤其是第二句话，我们可以找到与本题的正确答案相关的信息。这段指出，“环境”是个很难理解，甚至会被误解的概念，但我们一下子还找不到其他词来代替它。把生物和周围环境区别开来，把对有机体的影响分为内部的、生物学方面的和外部的、环境方面的两种，这种做法看起来似乎很简单。但实际上，这种分法有许多问题，因为有机体和环境始终是相互作用的。由此，我们可以推断出本题的正确答案应是D，作者认为人们对环境的普遍理解是过于简单化了。
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