首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage q
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage q
admin
2010-09-25
37
问题
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Pollution: A Life and Death Issue
One of the main themes of Planet under Pressure is the way many of the Earth’s environmental crises reinforce one another. Pollution is an obvious example--we do not have the option of growing food, or finding enough water, on a squeaky- clean planet, but on one increasingly tarnished and trashed by the way we have used it so far.
Cutting waste and clearing up pollution cost money. Yet time and again it is the quest for wealth that generates much of the mass in the first place. Living in a way that is less damaging to the Earth is not easy, but it is vital, because pollution is pervasive and often life-threatening.
Air: the World Health Organization (WHO) says three million people are killed worldwide by outdoor air pollution annually from vehicles and industrial emissions, and 1.6 million indoors through using solid fuel. Most are in poor countries.
Water: diseases carried in water are responsible for 80% of illnesses and deaths in developing countries, killing a child every eight seconds. Each year 2.1 million people die from diarrhoeal(痢疾的) diseases associated with poor water:
Soil: contaminated land is a problem in industrialized countries, where former factories and power stations can leave waste like heavy metals in the soil. It can also occur in developing countries, sometimes used for dumping pesticides. Agriculture can pollute land with pesticides, nitrate-rich fertilizers and slurry from livestock. And when the contamination reaches rivers it damages life there, and can even create dead zones off the coast, as in the Gulf of Mexico.
Chronic Problem
Chemicals are a frequent pollutant. When we think of chemical contamination it is often images of events like Bhopal that come to mind. But the problem is widespread. One study says 7~20% of cancers are attributable to poor air end pollution in homes and workplaces. The WHO, concerned about chemicals that persist and build up in the body, especially in the young, says we may "be conducting a large-scale experiment with children’s health".
Some man-made chemicals, endocrine (内分泌) disruptors like phthalates (酞酸盐) and nonylphenol--a breakdown product of spermicides (杀精子剂), cosmetics and detergents--are blamed for causing changes in the genitals of some animals. Affected species include polar bears--so not even the Arctic is immune. And the chemicals climb the food chain, from fish to mammals, and to us.
About 70,000 chemicals are on the market, with around 1,500 new ones appearing annually. At least 30,000 am thought never to have been comprehensively tested for theft possible risks to people.
At fast glance, the plastic buckets stacked in the comer of the environmental NGO office look like any others. But the containers are an unlikely weapon in one poor community’s fight against oil companies which they say are responsible for widespread ill-health caused by years of pollution. The vessels are used by a network of local volunteers, known as the Bucket Brigade, to gather air samples in neighborhoods bordering oil refineries, as part of a campaign to monitor and document air pollution which they believe is coming from the plants.
In South Africa, as in many developing and newly industrialized countries, legislation on air pollution has failed to keep pace with mushrooming industries. So local residents, like many in poor communities around the globe, have faced the problem of investigating their claim that industries on their doorsteps are making them sick.
Trade-off
But the snag is that modern society demands many of them, and some are essential for survival. So while we invoke the precautionary principle, which always recommends erring on the side of caution, we have to recognize there will be trade-offs m be made.
The pesticide DDT does great damage to wildlife and can affect the human nervous system, but can also be effective against malaria(疟疾). Where does the priority lie?
The industrialized world has not yet cleaned up the mess it created, but it is reaping the benefits of the pollution it has caused. It can hardly tell the developing countries that they have no right to follow suit.
Another complication in tackling pollution is that it does not respect political frontiers. There is a U.N. convention on trans-boundary air pollution, but that cannot cover every problem that can arise between neighbors, or between states which do not share a border. Perhaps the best example is climate change--the countries of the world share one atmosphere, and what one does can affect everyone.
For One and All
One of the principles that are supposed to apply here is simple---the polluter pays. Sometimes it is obvious who is to blame and who must pay the price, but it is not always straightforward to work out just who is the polluter, or whether the rest of us would be happy to pay the price of stopping the pollution.
One way of cleaning up after ourselves would be to throw less away, designing products to be recycled or even just to last longer.
Previous generations worked on the assumption that discarding our waste was a proper way to get rid of it, so we used to dump nuclear materials and other potential hazards at sea, confident they would be dispersed in the depths.
We now think that is too risky because, as one author wrote, "there’s no such place as ’away’, and there’s no such person as the ’other’."
Irritating Air
Despite recent improvements, however, the health problems are still there. A 2002 medical study, carried out by Durban’s Nelson Mandela School of Medicine and a U.S. university, found that an abnormally high 52% of students and teachers at a primary school bordering the Engen plant suffered from asthma(哮喘). It found that increases in air pollution tended to aggravate asthma symptoms in children.
The petrol producers do not dispute the findings but argue that researchers were unable to establish a causal link between air pollution and the high prevalence of asthma among the school population.
For the community, the next step is to take legal action. But, according to internationally recognized environmentalist Bobby Peek, targeting the companies would be difficult as it would be near-impossible to prove that illnesses suffered were caused by pollution coming from a particular plant.
Mr. Peek, who grew up beneath Engen’s stacks, says the activists are now considering taking action against the authorities. "We are now looking at suing the government on constitutional grounds, for failing to ensure our right to protection from a harmful environment as stipulated in the constitution," he said.
Legislative Change
A new batch(批) of environmental laws, the National Air Quality Management Act, has just been passed by the South African parliament to replace outdated 1965 legislation with fighter controls and tougher sanctions.
Martinus van Schalkwyk, the minister of environmental affairs and tourism, visited the south Durban basin earlier this year and said there were measures in place to improve the situation. "I share the anger and frustration of this community. It is long overdue," he told the South African Broadcasting Corporation.
The local authorities have also established a "Multi-Point Plan" for the area. They say it is a powerful model for tackling pollution and points to a 40% reduction in sulphur dioxide emissions in recent years.
What is not said to be a way of cleaning up after ourselves?
选项
A、Throw less away.
B、Design recycled products.
C、Don’t use it again.
D、Last longer.
答案
C
解析
根据题干信息词a way of cleaning up after ourselves定位到第三个小标题第二段。即:清洁的方法可以是少丢弃一些,设计可循环的产品或可持久使用的产品,原文未提到不再使用,故选C。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/yPz7777K
0
大学英语六级
相关试题推荐
Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledShouldHighSchoolStudentsStudyAbroad?
HitlerandhismenhadtheirhatredtowardsJewsandcolorpeople.Oursocietyisriddledwithsuchhatredbased【S1】_
TheWorldHealth【B1】______saysavianinfluenzacouldbecomeaworldwidethreatunlessgovernmentsactnowtostopit.Officials
A、He’llprobablytalkaboutChapter16inclasstoday.B、He’llprobablypostponethetestuntilhetalksChapter16.C、Hemight
ScientistssaythewarmingoftheEarth’satmospherehasbeguntoaffectplantandanimallifearoundtheworld.Scientistsfrom
ScientistssaythewarmingoftheEarth’satmospherehasbeguntoaffectplantandanimallifearoundtheworld.Scientistsfrom
A、Hefixesbicycles.B、Heraisessheep.C、Hesellschairs.D、He’sagardener.A词义理解题根据fronttire和seat座位两个关键词可以判断双方正在谈论修理自行车的事情,
CharlieBellbecamechiefexecutiveofMcDonald’sinApril.Withinamonthdoctorstoldhimthathehadcolorectalcancer.After
Whileitcan’tyetbesaidthateverymouthfuloffoodhasbeenchangedthroughgeneticengineering,itislikelythatalmostev
Areyouworriedabouttherisingcrimerate?Ifyouare,thenyouprobablyknowthatyourhouse,possessionsandpersonsareinc
随机试题
平面构成,基本形是最小的单位,根据一定的构成原则对其进行排列、组合,便可得到所需的构成效果。[山西2020]()
简述作业指导的基本方法和辅导操作的要点。
属于厥证常见证候的是
A增殖期B分泌期C分泌期分泌功能不足D混合型子宫内膜E呈蜕膜样改变女性,32岁,G1P1,月经周期正常,因经期延长、出血量多就诊,测基础体温双相,但下降缓慢,妇科检查未见异常,子宫及双附件B超未见异常。于其月经
A.心B.肝C.脾D.肺E.肾
下列属于劳动争议范围的是()。
2011年10月中旬,某市香湖区举行人民代表大会代表换届选举。该区某高校作为一个选区公布了7260人的选民名单。该选区居民甲曾因刑事犯罪被剥夺政治权利两年,至2011年9月23日期满。甲在选民名单中发现没有自己的名字。11月15日,该选区共有3630人参加
若事务T对数据对象A加了S锁,则其他事务只能对数据A加______,直到事务T释放A上的锁。
软件需求规格说明书的作用不包括
GapYearAgapyearisaperiodoftime,usuallyan【T1】______year,whenastudent【T2】______fromformaleducation.Itisoft
最新回复
(
0
)