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  3. Economics can render service in the area of exchange, but its tools find less purpose when applied to paradigms dominated

Economics can render service in the area of exchange, but its tools find less purpose when applied to paradigms dominated

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问题              Economics can render service in the area of exchange, but its tools find less
       purpose when applied to paradigms dominated by alternative models of
       transactions and social relationships. In small groups gift-giving is substituted
Line    for the role of exchange, which entails obligation: people receiving gifts are
(5)     expected to reciprocate in the future and this reciprocity binds small groups
       together, whereas exchange rarely does so. Two people exchange only when
       both benefit, neither incurring a social obligation as a result, and where social
       obligations exist, exchange may not work well. Exchange nevertheless allows
       for extremely complex interactions among strangers: when employing a
(10)    product, a consumer benefits from the efforts of hundreds of anonymous people
       who have contributed to that commodity. Such analysis also has its limits in the
       case of an area such as government, for economics seeks regularities in social
       life, which are more likely to occur when no one individual has an appreciable
       effect on the group.
It can be inferred from the passage that economic theory as it presently stands would most likely apply to which of the following situations?
选项 A、A parliamentary system, where senior members vote by secret ballot.
B、An arts guild, where voting authority is determined by the level of skill at a craft.
C、A fan club, where a president elects other members of the club.
D、A board of trustees group, where all members vote to make company decisions.
E、A monarchy, where a king consults his vassal lords before making decisions.
答案D
解析
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