2. 外语
  3. A group of children of various ages was read stories in which people caused harm, some of those people doing so intentionally, a

A group of children of various ages was read stories in which people caused harm, some of those people doing so intentionally, a

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问题 A group of children of various ages was read stories in which people caused harm, some of those people doing so intentionally, and some accidentally. When asked about appropriate punishments for those who had caused harm, the younger children, unlike the older ones, assigned punishments that did not vary according to whether the harm was done intentionally or accidentally. Younger children, then, do not regard people’s intentions as relevant to punishment. Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the conclusion above?
选项 A、In interpreting these stories, the listeners had to draw on a relatively mature sense of human psychology in order to tell whether harm was produced intentionally or accidentally.
B、In these stories, the severity of the harm produced was clearly stated.
C、Younger children are as likely to produce harm unintentionally as are older children.
D、The older children assigned punishment in a way that closely resembled the way adults had assigned punishment in a similar experiment.
E、The younger children assigned punishments that varied according to the severity of the harm done by the agents in the stories.
答案A
解析 选项(A)为正确答案，指出年纪小一些的孩子可能不能区分故事中的坏事是否是有意造成的。因此，即使年纪小一些的孩子确实认为人们的意愿是相关因素，他们在这里也可能不能够应用这项标准，因此，(A)削弱了对于该结论的支持；选项(B)和(E)通过指出另一个因素——坏事的严重程度，要么可能[选项(B)]要么实际上[选项(E)]促使年纪小一些的孩子在提出的惩罚方式上的变化来支持该结论。选项(C)和选项(D)都不影响该结论，该结论关注孩子们如何认识其他人的行为，不是孩子们自己的行为[选项(C)]。年纪大一些的孩子和成年人提出的方案的相似性[选项(D)]没有回答为什么年纪小一些的孩子提出的方案会不同这一问题。
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