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  3. Long lunch out with co-workers or a late-night conversation with a family member might seem like a distraction from other health

Long lunch out with co-workers or a late-night conversation with a family member might seem like a distraction from other health

admin2012-07-11  63
问题     Long lunch out with co-workers or a late-night conversation with a family member might seem like a distraction from other healthy habits, such as going to the gym or getting a good night’s sleep. But more than 100 years’ worth of research shows that having a healthy social life is incredibly important to staying physically healthy. Overall, social support increases survival by some 50 percent, concluded the authors behind a new analysis.
    The benefit of friends,family and even colleagues turns out to be just as good for long-term survival as giving up a 15-cigarette-a-day smoking habit. And by the study’s numbers,interpersonal social networks are more crucial to physical health than exercising or beating obesity. "I don’t think a lot of people recognize that our relationships can have a physical impact as well as emotional," says Julianne Holt-Lunstad, an associate psychology professor at Brigham Young University and co-author of the new study.
    The researchers analyzed results from 148 studies—which included a total of 308,849 participants— going back to the early 20th century. Most studies assessed survival in contrast to mortality from all causes,although the authors rejected studies that focused on suicide or accidental deaths. "The findings are very exciting and show how important social relationships are for improving survival," Kira Birditt, an assistant research professor at University of Michigan’s Institute for Social Research, who was not involved in the new study,noted in an e-mail.
    Social relationships are thought to help improve health either by buffering (减轻) individuals from stressful situations or creating a norm of healthful behaviors. " There’s a pretty large literature linking social relationships to a variety of physiological processes that are linked to disease lisk," Holt-Lunstad says. " Social support has been linked to lower blood pressure, and a diverse collection of contacts is associated with better immune system functioning. "
    Previous research has pointed to happiness as a key to longevity. But in most of the studies reviewed in the new paper, social connections were not classified in terms of their quality, thus likely abundant negative associations in with the more positive ones. This means the benefit of positive social connections is likely to be even higher. " Most research shows that the negative aspects of relationships can be detrimental (不利于) to health," Holt-Lunstad says. But Birditt,who has also done research in the field,notes that some of her work "indicates that the influence of social relationships on mortality is nuanced (微妙的) and depends on the type of relationship, the quality of the relationship and the health status of the individual. "A 2008 study in Social Science & Medicine that she co-authored found that people with chronic illnesses actually had a lower mortality rate if they had negative—or at least more demanding—relationships with family members.
    The analysis also assessed what kind of studies worked best to predict a person’s survival. Questionnaires had asked participants at least a few in-depth questions about various social connections.
What is the view of Birditt about social relationships?
选项 A、Its negative aspects must be harmful to health.
B、Its influence on mortality is certain and invariable.
C、Its influence on death rate is multi-faceted.
D、Its negative aspects make patients with chronic illnesses have a higher mortality rate.
答案C
解析 事实细节题。本题主要针对Birditt的观点进行考查。定位句提到Birditt认为，社交火系的作用主要取决于其类型、关系的质量以及个人的健康状况，C)“社交对死亡率的的影响是多方面的”与此一致，故为答案。A)“社交中的负面作用对身体有害”，并非Birditt的观点，而是Holt-Lunstad的观点，故排除；B)“社交对死亡率的影响是确定不变的”，与原文中提到的“不确定性”恰好相反，故排除；D)“社交的负面作用导致慢性病人的死亡率更高”，与原文中所提到的“如果患有慢性病的病人与家人的关系不好，它的死亡率更低”的说法不一致，故排除。
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