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  3. 【F1】With a presidential campaign, health care and the gun control debate in the news these days, one can’t help getting sucked i

【F1】With a presidential campaign, health care and the gun control debate in the news these days, one can’t help getting sucked i

admin2017-04-07  30
问题     【F1】With a presidential campaign, health care and the gun control debate in the news these days, one can’t help getting sucked into the flame wars that are Internet comment threads. But psychologists say this addictive form of vitriolic back and forth should be avoided—or simply censored by online media outlets— because it actually damages society and mental health.
    A perfect storm of factors come together to engender the rudeness and aggression seen in the comments’ sections of Web pages, Markman said. First, commenters are often virtually anonymous, and thus, unaccountable for their rudeness.【F2】Second, they are at a distance from the target of their anger—be it the article they’re commenting on or another comment on that article—and people tend to annoy distant abstractions more easily than living, breathing interlocutors(对话者). Third, it’s easier to be nasty in writing than in speech, hence the now somewhat outmoded practice of leaving angry notes, Markman said.
    【F3】And because comment-section discourses don’t happen in real time, commenters can write lengthy monologues. which tend to shield their extreme viewpoint. "When you’re having a conversation in person, who actually gets to deliver a monologue except people in the movies? Even if you get angry, people are talking back and forth and so eventually you have to calm down and listen so you can have a conversation," Markman told Life’s Little Mysteries. Chiming in on comment threads may even give one a feeling of accomplishment, albeit a false one.
    "There is so much going on in our lives that it is hard to find time to get out and physically help a cause, which makes ’armchair activism’ an enticing (proposition)," a blogger at Daily Kos opined in a July 23 article.
    And finally, Edward Wasserman, Knight Professor in Journalism Ethics at Washington and Lee University, noted another cause of the vitriol: bad examples set by the media.【F4】"Unfortunately, mainstream media have made a fortune teaching people the wrong ways to talk to each other, offering up Jerry Springer, Crossfire, Bill O’Reilly. People understandably conclude rage is the political vernacular, that this is how public ideas are talked about," Wasserman wrote in an article on his university’s website. "It isn’t."
    Communication, the scholars say, is really about taking someone else’s perspective, understanding it, and responding. "Tone of voice and gesture can have a large influence on your ability to understand what someone is saying," Markman said. "The further away from face-to-face, real-time dialogue you get, the harder it is to communicate. "
    Working out solutions to the kinds of hard problems that tend to garner the most comments online requires lengthy discussion and compromise.【F5】 "The back-and-forth negotiation that goes on in having a conversation with someone you don’t agree with is a skill," Markman said. And this skill is languishing, both among members of the public and our leaders.
【F2】
选项
答案其次，他们恶语相向的对象——无论是文章，还是对其他人对文章的评论——都不在眼前，而人们通常会肆无忌惮地对那些不在眼前的网上目标进行攻击。
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