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  3. 探究科研领域的发展趋势 ——1996年英译汉及详解 The differences in relative growth of various areas of scientific research have several causes.【F1】Som

探究科研领域的发展趋势 ——1996年英译汉及详解 The differences in relative growth of various areas of scientific research have several causes.【F1】Som

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问题 探究科研领域的发展趋势
——1996年英译汉及详解
The differences in relative growth of various areas of scientific research have several causes.【F1】Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating. Some, however, are less reasonable processes of different growth in which preconception of the form scientific theory ought to take, by persons in authority, act to alter the growth pattern of different areas. This is a new problem probably not yet unavoidable; but it is a frightening trend.【F2】This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail. It can be predicted, however, that from time to time questions will arise which will require specific scientific answers. It is therefore generally valuable to treat the scientific establishment as a resource or machine to be kept in functional order.【F3】This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.
This kind of support, like all government support, requires decisions about the appropriate recipients of funds. Decisions based on utility as opposed to lack of utility are straightforward. But decision among projects none of which has immediate utility is more difficult. The goal of the supporting agencies is the praisable one of supporting "good" as opposed to "bad" science, but a valid determination is difficult to make. Generally, the idea of good science tends to become confused with the capacity of the field in question to generate an elegant theory.【F4】However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world’ s more fascinating and delightful aspects.【F5】New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance.
【F3】
选项
答案给某些与当前目标无关但将来可能产生影响的科研以支持，看来通常能有效地解决这个问题。
解析 本句考查的重点是：定语修饰成分和翻译中状语的位置。 这是一个简单句。句子的主干是This seems…done by…。主语this实际上是指前文的problem。根据汉语的搭配习惯，done在句中应指问题的“解决”，mostly effectively对它进行修饰：research后接的related to…和of possible…是两个由but连接的并列的修饰语，可以译成前置定语，但是在某些情况下(如定语太长)，根据汉语习惯亦可用“这”或“这些科研”代替research，而把定语单独成句。by+V—ing结构在这里是表示方式：“通过…”，作状语，在中文翻译时一般前置。
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