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Selective colleges and universities in the U.S. are under fire for being too elite and too expensive, and for not training gradu

admin2022-09-05  61
问题     Selective colleges and universities in the U.S. are under fire for being too elite and too expensive, and for not training graduates for the world of work. Such charges ignore the fact that these institutions continue to prepare students for success in their work, for thoughtful engagement in civic life, for lifelong learning, and for understanding the world and those with whom they live.
    These colleges and universities must be doing something right. Applications are at record highs, and their financial aid programs make them more accessible than ever. This model of education has long played a central role in creating opportunity, driving economic growth, and spurring innovation.
    Yet, there is growing skepticism about the value of this model. The recent tax reform bill is a wake-up call that our strongest colleges and universities are under assault by some in government. The initial proposals would have made education unaffordable for many by taxing tuition waivers for graduate students and ending deductions for student loan interest. Thankfully, these provisions were ultimately stripped from the bill, but lawmakers let stand a new tax on the investment income of some colleges and universities.
    While these attacks are motivated by misguided ideas, we need to do a better job of explaining why these claims are false and why what we do is valuable. We cannot take for granted that any of this is obvious.
    It is often said that elite colleges and universities do not train students, particularly those who study the liberal arts, for the workforce. But this can be refuted by scholarly research. The data are clear: a liberal arts education is great career preparation, both for excellent lifetime earnings and for satisfaction with the work. This education develops the skills of critical thinking, rigorous analysis of data and facts, communication with the written and spoken word, understanding of cultural differences and issues, and the ability to keep learning. In fact, liberal arts graduates do extremely well in every imaginable field.
    Access to an education at selective colleges and universities is now more available than ever to low-and middle-income families. We have built endowments from donations by alumni (校友) and parents who understand and appreciate our mission to provide access and opportunity, and a significant portion of the returns from these endowments is used to fund financial aid.
    Ironically, the new tax on endowments drains financial aid funds from the very schools most able to offer opportunity to those who have earned a spot but cannot otherwise afford this education. Beyond the virtue of access to those who have earned a place at these schools, the diversity of economic backgrounds enhances the education and experience of all of our students.
What is an advantage of providing financial aid for students?
选项 A、Every student can choose the institution they wish to attend.
B、All students can benefit from a diversified student population.
C、All students will be able to earn a place on university campus.
D、Less privileged students will be more competitive at elite schools.
答案B
解析 由题干中的advantage和financial aid定位到最后一段。推理判断题。最后一段指出，除了让已经在这些学校获得一席之地的学生有机会接受到这种教育外，经济背景的多样化也提高了所有学生的受教育水平，丰富了他们的经验。由第六段可知，在当前教育模式下，来自校友和家长的捐赠基金使中低收入家庭的学生能够更容易进入择优录取学生的大学。由此可知，这种教育模式使学生多元化，所有学生都能从中受益。故答案为B。文章第六段指出，通过经济资助计划，来自中低收入家庭的孩子进入择优录取学生的大学接受教育比以往更容易，但并未提及每个学生都可以去想去的学校，故排除A项；文章最后一段第一句指出，这种教育模式给那些被大学录取却负担不起学费的学生提供了机会，并未提及所有学生均能在大学获得一席之地，且由selective一词可知，各大学择优录取学生，C项与文章意思不符，故排除；文章并未提及哪种类型的学生在名校中更有竞争力，D项与文章意思不符，故排除。
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