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  3. Material culture refers to what can be seen, held, felt, used--what a culture produces. Examining a culture’s tools and technolo

Material culture refers to what can be seen, held, felt, used--what a culture produces. Examining a culture’s tools and technolo

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问题     Material culture refers to what can be seen, held, felt, used--what a culture produces. Examining a culture’s tools and technology can tell us about the group’s history and way of life. Similarly, research into the material culture of music can help us to understand the music culture. The most vivid body of material culture in it, of course, is musical instruments. We cannot hear for ourselves the actual sound of any musical performance before the 1870s when the phonograph was invented, so we rely on instruments for important information about music cultures in the remote past and their development. Here we have two kinds of evidence: instruments well preserved and instruments pictured in art. Through the study of instruments, as well as paintings, written documents, and so on, we can explore the movement of music from the Near East to China over a thousand years ago, or we can outline the spread of Near Eastern influence to Europe that resulted in the development of most of the instruments in the symphony orchestra.
    Sheet music or printed music, too, is material culture. Scholars once defined folk music cultures as those in which people learn and sing music by ear rather man from print, but research shows mutual influence among oral and written sources during the past few centuries in Europe, Britain, and America. Printed versions limit variety because they tend to standardize any song, yet they stimulate people to create new and different songs. Besides, the ability to read music notation has a far-reaching effect on music and, when it becomes widespread, on the music culture as a whole.
    One more important part of music’s material culture should be singled out: the influence of the electronic media--radio, record player, tape recorder, television, and videocassette, with the future promising talking and singing computers and other developments. This is all part of’ the "information revolution", a twentieth-century phenomenon as important as the industrial revolution was in the nineteenth. These electronic media are not just limited to modem nations; they have affected music cultures all over the globe.
According to the author, music notation is important because _________.
选项 A、it has a great effect on the music culture as more and more people are able to read it
B、it tends to standardize folk songs when it is used by folk musicians
C、it is the printed version of standardized talk music
D、it encourages people to popularize printed versions of songs
答案A
解析 推断题。由文章第二段最后一句可知，人们阅读音乐符号(识谱)的能力会对音乐产生深远影响，所以A正确；B(乐谱被民歌音乐家所使用时往往把民歌标准化)，C(乐谱是标准化的民间音乐的印刷版本)， D(乐谱鼓励人们去传播普及歌曲的印刷版本)均排除。
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大学英语四级

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