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  3. It is hard to get any agreement on the accurate meaning of the term "social class". In everyday life, people tend to have a diff

It is hard to get any agreement on the accurate meaning of the term "social class". In everyday life, people tend to have a diff

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问题     It is hard to get any agreement on the accurate meaning of the term "social class". In everyday life, people tend to have a different approach to those they consider their equals from that which they assume with people they consider higher or lower than themselves in the social scale. The criteria we use to "place" a new acquaintance(熟人) , however, are a complex mixture of factors. Dress, way of speaking,  area of residence in a given city or province, education and manners all play a part.
    In Greece, after the sixth-century B. C. , there was a growing conflict between the peasants and the landed aristocrats (贵族) , and a gradual decrease in the power of the aristocracy when a kind of "middle class" of traders and skilled workers grew up. The population of Athens, for example, was divided into three main classes which were politically and legally distinct. About one-third of the total were slaves, who did not count politically at all, a fact often forgotten by those who praise Athens as the nursery of democracy.  The next main group consisted of resident foreigners, the "metics", who were freemen, though they two were allowed no share in political life. The third group was the powerful body of "citizens", who were themselves divided into sub-classes.
    In tile later Middle Ages, however, the development of monetary economy and the growth of cities and trade led to the rise of another class, the "burghers" or city merchants and mayors. These were the predecessors of the modern middle classes. Gradually high office and occupation assumed importance in determining social position, as it became more and more possible for a person born to one station in life to move to another. This change affected the towns more than the country areas, where remnants of feudalism  lasted much longer.
    With the break-up of the feudal economy, the increasing division of labour, and the growing power of the town burghers(公民) , the commercial and professional middle class became more and more important  in Europe, and the older privileged class, the landed aristocracy, began to lose some of its power.
The main idea of the first paragraph is that______.
选项 A、to define the term social class does not involve much difficulty
B、there is much alternation in people’s social classes
C、to evaluate a person’s social class is a very complex procedure
D、we can tell which social class a person belongs to by the way he behaves
答案C
解析 在略读全文后，仔细地再回味一下第一段的意思。这一段大体是说，门常生活中，人们对待社会阶层与自己不同和与自己相同的人的方式不尽相同，衡量人的标准也较为复杂，包括衣着谈吐，居所，教育和举止仪态等等。而第一句中的“社会阶层”一问只是略有提到并未作定义或深究。而且第一句也认为关于社会阶层一词的确切意思也很难达成统一。因此A项中认为“给‘社会阶层’下定义并非难事”的意思显然与原文不符。B项认为人们的社会阶层有许多改动”这一点第一段中并未提到。C项认为是“评价一个人的社会阶层足一个很复杂的过程”，这与原文相符，D项认为是“我们能从一个人的行为来判断他属于哪个社会阶层”，而原文中提到衡量一人的标准不仅包括行为举止，还包括人的衣着，谈吐，教育等诸多方面因素，因此D项不准确。所以此题应选C项。
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大学英语四级

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