首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Intercultural Communication Problems and Solutions I. Intercultural Communication Problems A. Stereotyping — Definition: a selec
Intercultural Communication Problems and Solutions I. Intercultural Communication Problems A. Stereotyping — Definition: a selec
admin
2017-04-25
36
问题
Intercultural Communication Problems and Solutions
I. Intercultural Communication Problems
A. Stereotyping
— Definition: a selection process to【T1】_____ perceptions of others【T1】______
— Examples:
a)"Women are emotional."
b)"【T2】_____" etc.【T2】______
B. Prejudices
— Definition:
【T3】_____ toward others based on wrong stereotypes【T3】______
— Examples:
We feel disapproving of certain people
C. Discrimination
— Definition: related to【T4】_____ aspect【T4】______
— Example: Discrimination against women in women attorneys
II. Intercultural Communication Solutions
A.【T5】_____【T5】______
— This will help us find【T6】_____ solutions to problems【T6】______
— Example of a student in a German university
a)She complained that the German students【T7】_____【T7】______
b)I asked her to play the scene
c)It turned out that German students had not seen her
d)Her perception was only her【T8】_____【T8】______
B. Looking for Evidence
— Evidences derived from the wounds or fears in【T9】_____【T9】______
— Example of the student
a)She felt【T10】______because her sister was prettier【T10】______
b)She usually【T11】_____ the shoes of a 5-year-old girl【T11】______
C. Observing the Reaction
— Tendency to【T12】_____ others【T12】______
— Vicious circle of feeling rejected and rejecting others
D. Perception of Others
— Put ourselves into others’ shoes
E.【T13】_____【T13】______
— Control our perception
a)Be aware of our【T14】_____【T14】______
b)Gathering or using【T15】_____ information【T15】______
【T13】
Intercultural Communication Problems and Solutions
Good morning, everyone. Today we will look at the intercultural communication problems and solutions.
Generally speaking, three types of problems are involved in the intercultural communication. They are stereotyping, prejudices, and discrimination. Let me explain each one to you with examples.
First, about stereotyping.[1]Walter Lippmann introduced the term in 1922 to refer to a selection process that is used to organise and simplify perceptions of others. Stereotypes are a form of generalisation about some group of people to all people who belong to that category. Examples for stereotyping are such beliefs as: "Women are emotional",[2]"Politicians are dishonest", "Germans are cold and too serious", "Latinos are lazy".
Secondly, about prejudices.[3]Prejudices refer to negative attitudes toward other people that are based on faulty and inflexible stereotypes. Prejudices include irrational feelings of dislike and even hatred for certain groups of people, who are not based on direct experiences and first-hand knowledge.
Whereas prejudice refers to a people’s attitude or mental presentation,[4]the term discrimination refers to the behavioural aspect, prejudice in action. For instance, you hold a resentful attitude towards the idea that women are equally capable in law business. This prejudice might lead you to a discrimination against women in women attorneys.
As we understand the problems involved in intercultural communication, let’s talk about the solutions. We have a 5-step approach we can follow. First Step:[5]Examining our Perception
A not-OK feeling is indubitably uncomfortable for every person affected by it and should therefore be avoided.[6]In addition, it keeps us from finding good and proper solutions to our problems. That is why it is so important to examine this feeling.
An example from a workshop with British students should make this clearer.
A student reported the following German university experience:[7]"I found the German students cold. I was at the university the first day and was supposed to contact a seminar group. The students were sitting around a table talking.[7]No one paid any attention to me; they ignored me, and I left." I asked the student to play the scene. She had the workshop students spread themselves out around a table the way she remembered the German students to be sitting and stood at a distance to it. It was quickly clear that the group around the table probably had not even seen her and[8]that the student’s feeling of being rejected and ignored had only been in her imagination.
Feelings are real and, even when they are objectively irrational, perceiving them is the first step towards change. Second Step: Looking for Evidence
A second step is then the question where these feelings come from: do they have to do with the momentary situation or are they older feelings that are re-released by the current situation?[9]Searching for this evidence almost always brings us into contact with the wounds or fears of a small girl or boy.
Thus too in our account: the student was reminded spontaneously of a childhood scene: she saw herself as a small, skinny, ugly little girl together with her younger, beautiful sister; everyone look at the enchanting little sister, and[10]she felt in her little sister’s shadow, inferior, because she thought she wasn’t as pretty, not as original. This feeling left her feeling as though paralysed. She had become an attractive young woman,[11]but there were occasions time and again in which she retreated into herself and slipped into the shoes of a 5-year-old girl. Third Step: Observing the Reaction
A further step would then be to examine our individual reaction. In our example: in situations in which our student felt rejected and inferior, she was projecting her own feelings onto others. They are the ones who reject her, and therefore they are unfriendly, mean and nasty. Our student took on the typical loser position. It is important here to look closely. Since it is difficult for all of us to cope with seeing ourselves as inferior, with having this feeling within us as our feeling,[12]the almost automatic tendency exists to put the blame on others for exactly this feeling. Not I feel rejected but YOU reject me. And because YOU reject me, I think you’re stupid and therefore reject you. This rejection will be felt by the other and, if he is neither a saint nor a therapist, he will react with rejection, too. This spiral of feelings which create facts also functions analogously with positive feelings. If I awaken a feeling of being recognised in another, his behaviour will be positively strengthened. Fourth Step: Perception of the Others
After one’s own mechanisms have been recognised, it is as important to think oneself into the other. To do this, we need to put ourselves into others’ shoes and ask ourselves: how does the other see the world and how are his reactions to be explained? Fifth Step:[13]Change
Following upon the previous steps, the decisive step is consequentially to ask how I can do it differently. In our example, I asked the student to try to see in another role game what she could change. This time she went to the group, introduced herself and said she was happy to meet her fellow German students. And that was over: she felt good, and she felt active and full of energy again.
An important requirement to change something is to control our own perception[14]by becoming aware of our own subjectivity and[15]by objectively gathering or using more information, for instance by questioning others or through technical evidence like a tape recorder or a video. The idea can be helpful that all of us are similar to the blind who wants to describe an elephant. We don’t know what the elephant really looks like. We can only describe our reality. Important is that we are conscious of our blindness, for then we can ask and paint ourselves a picture.
OK, so we have talked about the three problems in inter-cultural communication, which are stereotyping, prejudices, and discrimination and we also touch upon the solutions to these problems, a five-step approach. Next time, we will put this approach into practice, to give you a real sense of to what extent it works.
选项
答案
Change
解析
本题考查考生对要点的把握。录音提到最后一个方法步骤是改变(change),因此本题填入Change。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/zBsK777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
WhichofthefollowingisaCORRECTdefinitionofaphone?
Theunconsciousprocessofaccumulatingknowledgeofasecondlanguagethroughusingthelanguageincommunicationisdefinedas
Wecalltherelationbetween"animal"and"cow"as
MostofthefirstChineseimmigrantswhocametotheUnitedStatesbetween1850-1880settleddownin
Sapir-Whorfhypothesisdealswiththerelationshipbetween______and______.
Thesemanticrelationshipbetweenflowerandroseis
Whichvowelisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtothecharacteristicsofvowels?
Allofushaveanobligationtospeakout.Wemaycomefromdifferentbackgroundsandfaiths,butparentsovertheworldloveou
Changesinthetechnologyofcommunicationareoccurringsorapidlythatwehumanbeingsnowmovethroughacloudofmessagesa
随机试题
理想的追求和实现是一个
变应性炎症属
不会导致组织水肿的因素是
以降逆化痰,益气和胃为主要功用的方剂是
某抗震等级为二级的钢筋混凝土结构框架柱,其纵向受力钢筋(HRB400)的直径为25mm,采用钢筋混凝土扩展基础,基础底面形状为正方形,基础中的插筋构造如图16—17(Z)所示,基础的混凝土强度等级为C30。试问,当锚固长度修正系数ξ取1.0时,柱纵向
某公司上年年末支付每股股息为2元,预期回报率为15%,未来3年中超常态增长率为20%,随后的增长率为8%,则股票的价值为( )元。
某公司拟进行股票投资,计划购买A、B、C三种股票。已知A、B股票的β系数分别为1.5、1.0,C股票收益率与市场组合收益率的相关系数为0.8,C股票的标准差为12.5%。该公司建立的投资组合中A、B、C股票的投资比重分别为50%、30%和20%。同期市场
在游客观看景区节目时,讲解员应自始至终()。
一、注意事项1.申论考试是对考生阅读理解能力、综合分析能力、提出和解决问题能力以及文字表达能力的测试。2.仔细阅读给定资料,按照后面提出的“申论要求”。二、给定资料材料一:2008年6月28日,解放军第一医院收治了第一例因
《租借法案》
最新回复
(
0
)