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  3. Millions of Americans lie awake at night counting sheep, or have a stiff drink or pop an allergy pill, hoping it will make them

Millions of Americans lie awake at night counting sheep, or have a stiff drink or pop an allergy pill, hoping it will make them

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问题     Millions of Americans lie awake at night counting sheep, or have a stiff drink or pop an allergy pill, hoping it will make them drowsy. But experts agree all that self-medicating is a bad idea, and the causes of chronic insomnia remain mysterious.
    Almost a third of adults have trouble sleeping, and about 10 percent have symptoms of daytime impairment that signal true insomnia. Sufferers readily cite the resulting problems: walking around in a fog, as memory and other cognitive functions slowly. Dozing off at the wheel or at work. Depression. Lack of energy. But for all the complaints, scientists know surprisingly little about what causes chronic insomnia, its health consequences and how best to treat it, a panel of specialists brought together by the National Institutes of Health concluded Wednesday.
    Two things are clear, the panel found: Chronic insomnia is a major public health problem. And too many people are using unproven therapies, even while there are a few treatments that do work.
    Among the panel’s findings: Cognitive/behavioral therapy—a psychology-based treatment that trains people to reduce anxiety and take other sleep-promoting steps—is very effective, and doesn’ t cause side effects. But it can be hard to find health providers trained in the techniques. Insomniacs should check with board-certified sleep specialists and psychologists.
    Newer prescription sleep pills called Sonata, Ambien and Lunesta work without many of the side-effect concerns of older agents known as benzodiazepines(苯二氮类镇静药). One study of Lunesta showed effectiveness with six months of use, but more research on long-term use of all three is needed, as chronic insomnia can linger for years.
    The most commonly used treatments are alcohol and over-the-counter sedating antihistamines(抗组胺剂)like Benadryl. Alcohol use actually disrupts quality sleep, and antihistamines can cause lingering daytime sedation and other cognitive problems.
    The most common prescription insomnia medicine is an older, sedating antidepressant called trazodone, even though there’s no good evidence that it offers more than a two-week benefit, and it comes with side effects.
"Over-the-counter" means______.
选项 A、non-prescriptional
B、counter offering
C、cheap and easy-to-get
D、illegal
答案A
解析 词义题。这里可以根据语境来判断该词组的含义。over意为“在……之上”，counter意为“柜台”。看选项时，A项提醒我们药分为处方药和非处方药，而over the counter非常形象地描述了非处方药的销售方法，即直接在柜台上销售。此外，C、D项都与语境相距甚远，B项过于字面化，用排除法可以选出A。
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