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  3. Answer Questions by referring to the events which happened during the terms when 3 American presidents held office in the follow

Answer Questions by referring to the events which happened during the terms when 3 American presidents held office in the follow

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问题     Answer Questions by referring to the events which happened during the terms when 3 American presidents held office in the following article.
    A=Commercial banks/A commercial bank
    B=Savings and loan associations/A savings and loan association
    C=Savings banks/A savings bank
    D=Central banks/A central bank
    E=Investment banks/An investment bank
    A bank is a business establishment that safeguards people’s money and uses it to make loans and investments. Banks differ in the services they provide and in how they are owned.
    Commercial banks are the most numerous banks in the United States. They offer a full range of services, including checking and savings accounts, loans, and trust services. They primarily serve the needs of businesses but also offer their services to individuals.
    A commercial bank is owned by stockholders who buy shares in it. In return for investing in the bank’s stock, the stockholders expect the bank to pay them cash dividends from its profits.
    Saving and loan associations are the second largest group of deposit institutions in the United States. Savings and loans, as they are often called, were established to help people to purchase homes. Through the years they have been the chief source of home mortgages. Traditionally, they loaned money to businesses only for real estate construction. But today, sayings and loan associations offer a variety of services for individuals and businesses, including NOW accounts, checking accounts, money market accounts, IRA’s and business loans.
    In the past, almost all savings and loans were owned and operated by their depositors. But today, many are owned and operated by stockholders.
    Savings banks are most commonly found in the Northeast. They were created in the early 1800’s as charitable institutions to provide a safe place for poor working people to save for retirement. Originally, almost all savings banks were mutual savings banks, which are run by a board of trustees who elect their own successors. Mutual savings banks pass on any profits to their depositors as interest. But since the mid-1980’s, many savings banks have become stock savings banks. These banks are run by a board of directors who are elected by shareholders.
    Savings banks offer savings and checking accounts and individual retirement accounts and make personal and business loans. Federal and state laws ensure the safety of depositors’ money by limiting the investments such banks can make and by insuring the deposits. Savings banks invest chiefly in mortgages and government bonds.
    Central banks, which in most countries are government agencies, perform many financial services for the national government. Their chief responsibilities are to regulate banking and to influence such economic factors as interest rates, the availability of loans, and the money supply. The money supply is the total quantity of money in the country, including cash and bank deposits.
    Central banks also perform a variety of services for other hanks. For example, they serve as a lender of last resort—that is, they make emergency loans to banks that are short of cash. Central banks also handle the clearing of checks, the process by which banks settle claims against one another that result from the writing of checks.
    In the United States, the Federal Reserve System serves as a central bank. Most large U.S. commercial banks belong to the system. Central banks in other nations include the Bank of Canada and the Bank of England.
    Investment banks purchase newly issued stocks and bonds from corporations and governments. These banks then resell the securities to individual investors in smaller quantities. An investment bank makes a profit by selling securities at a higher price than it paid for them. Most U.S. banks once did such buying and selling, but now only specialized investment banks and a few large commercial banks do so. An investment bank may overestimate the demand for the securities that it buys and may have to sell them at a loss. Congress believed this risk helped cause many bank failures during the early years of the Great Depression. As a result, it passed the Glass-Steagall Banking Act of 1933. On provision of the act prohibited an institution that accepted deposits and made loans from doing investment banking.
    Which kind of bank/banks...
选项 A、 
B、 
C、 
D、 
E、 
答案C
解析
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