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  3. In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1 — 5, choose the most suitable one from the list A —G to

In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1 — 5, choose the most suitable one from the list A —G to

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问题 In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1 — 5, choose the most suitable one from the list A —G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.
    Confronted with a sink suddenly leaking water many homeowners have neither the knowledge nor the materials to make the repair themselves. In choosing a plumber they generally have to rely on some sort of signal of quality. A recommendation from a stranger helps; a recommendation from a sensible neighbour can help even more; prior, direct experience is best of all.
    Government regulators can be said to be permanently in need of plumbers. Faced with a rapidly changing market and technological advances—of financial instruments, medical therapies, agricultural methods, software- the regulatory agencies have to make decisions quickly. 【R1】______.
    Jerry Kim, an assistant professor of business at Columbia University, wanted to test the relationship between reputation and regulatory treatment at the Food and Drug Administration(FDA). He looked at 884 New Drug Applications(NDAs)submitted to the FDA for approval between 1990 and 2004. A firm’s reputation, in this case, depended not on its market share or the use of its drugs, but its generation of knowledge and innovation. 【R2】______.
    The hypothesis proved correct: the higher the firm’s reputation, the more likely that its drugs would speed through the approval process. Other factors influenced FDA approval as well. 【R3】______. A firm’s political contributions, meanwhile, were a non-factor.
    Mr. Kim also found a curious side effect of the drug-approval process. The FDA has a special "priority" rating for those drugs believed to be significantly better than existing treatments.(New drugs, or those first to treat a disease, are more likely to be designated priority.)There was no statistically significant relationship, however, between a firm’s reputation and the likelihood of its application receiving priority status. 【R4】______. In separate research, Mr. Kim found that the approved drugs from high-status firms were more likely to prompt product recalls or warnings. In short, the established firms may travel more easily.
    Mr. Kim draws two lessons from his findings. One is practical; new biotech firms may want to partner with veterans to get their products to market more quickly and establish a strong reputation. The second is to adopt a healthy skepticism about the ability of regulators to protect the public. 【R5】______. "These people... really are dedicated to serving public interest and they’re trying their best," says Mr. Kim of his talks with FDA researchers. "The problem is, their best is not always good enough. "
[A]Drugs targeted at "underserved" illnesses(those that lack good treatments)were approved more quickly, for example, while any drug submitted after a product recall, regardless of whether or not it was related to the recalled drug, was more likely to spend additional time under review.
[B]To find reputable plumbing contractors government should study the field more thoroughly and set a standard to make sure that all the plumbers are licensed and to ensure safe operation of water heaters and boilers.
[C]The biases he found were not the kind easily attributable to underhanded bribery, lobbying, or even more subtle political pressures; rather, they are the result of trying to process a great deal of information quickly.
[D]j Mr. Kim’s hypothesis was that a firm with a longer track record of contributing to drug development would have its NDAs approved faster than would a developer less well known to the FDA. The more patent citations a firm had, the greater its knowledge reputation.
[E]The most common side effects associated with the drug include headache and stomachache. The medication should not be taken by people who are trying to restrict their sodium intake.
[F]It might then make sense that, as one would welcome a recommended plumber, regulators might be more willing to trust companies with stronger reputations.
[G]This suggests that established firms are not more likely to turn out innovative or especially useful drugs than their lesser-known peers.
【R2】
选项
答案D
解析 卒格出现在第三段末。空格上文介绍了Kim的研究目的和数据来源，空格下文(第四段首句)指出这个假设(this hypothesis)被证明为真。浏览空格上文，并未发现有关“假设”的任何信息，由此可以推测，空格处一定介绍了Kim的研究假设。[D]介绍的正是Kim的研究假设(Mr．Kim’s hypothesis was that…)，且假设的内容与空格下文完全吻合：声誉越好的公司，其新药获得批准的速度就越快。因此[D]为正确选项。
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