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  3. For the most part, it seems, workers in rich countries have little to fear from globalization, and a lot to gain. But is the sam

For the most part, it seems, workers in rich countries have little to fear from globalization, and a lot to gain. But is the sam

admin2011-01-04  38
问题     For the most part, it seems, workers in rich countries have little to fear from globalization, and a lot to gain. But is the same thing true for workers in poor countries? The answer is that they are ever more likely than their rich country counterparts to benefit, because they have less to lose and more to gain. Orthodox economics takes an optimistic line on integration and the developing countries. Openness to foreign trade and investment should encourage capital to flow to poor economies. In the developing world, capital is scarce, so the returns on investment there should be higher than in the industrialized countries, where the best opportunities to make money by adding capital to labor have already been used up. If pool countries lower their barriers to trade and investment, the theory goes: rich foreigners will want to send over some of their capital.
    If this inflow of resources arrives in the form of loans or portfolio investment, it will supplement domestic savings and loosen the financial constraint on additional investment by local companies. If it arrives in the form of new foreign controlled operations, FDI, so much the better: this kind of capital brings technology and skills from abroad packaged along with it, with less financial risk as well. In either case, the addition to investment ought to push incomes up, partly by raising the demand for labor and partly by making labor more productive.
    This why workers in FDI receiving countries should be in an even better position to profit from integration than workers in FDI sending countries. Also, with or without inflows of foreign capital, the same static and dynamic gains from trade should apply in developing countries as in rich ones. This gain from trade logic often arouses suspicion, because the benefits seem to come from nowhere. Surely one side or the other must lose. Not so. The benefits that a rich country gets through trade do not come at the expense of its poor country trading partners, or vice versa. Recall that according to the theory, trade is a positive sum game. In all these transactions, sides exporters and importers, borrowers and lenders, shareholders and workers can gain.
The phrase "take an optimistic line on" in the second paragraph probably means to______.
选项 A、take the same side with
B、hold the optimistic idea about
C、stand at the same line with
D、stand in the opposite line with
答案B
解析 词义推断题，该词在第二段首句，由第二段的具体阐述可知，经济整合可为经济带来乐观前景，正统的经济学对经济整合持乐观态度，故选B。关键词为optimistic，而其他三项并未抓住这一关键词。
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