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  3. Lie detectors are widely used in the United States to find out whether a person is telling the truth or not. Polygraphers, the p

Lie detectors are widely used in the United States to find out whether a person is telling the truth or not. Polygraphers, the p

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问题     Lie detectors are widely used in the United States to find out whether a person is telling the truth or not. Polygraphers, the people who operate them, claim that they can establish guilt by detecting physiological changes that accompany emotional stress. The technique adopted is to ask leading questions such as, "Did you take the money?" or "Where did you hide the money?" mixed in with neutral questions, and measure the subject’s electrical resistance in the palm or changes in his breathing and heart rate. Such apparatus has obtained widespread recognition.
    Whether lie detectors will ever be adopted on a similar scale in Britain is still a matter of opinion. At first sight, it appears obvious that any simple, reliable methods of convicting guilty people is valuable, but recent research sponsored by the U.S. Office of Public Health not only raises doubts about how lie detectors should be used but also makes it questionable whether they should be employed at all.
    The point is that, apart from many of the polygraphers being unqualified, the tests themselves are by no means free from error, primarily because they discount human imagination and ingenuity. Think of all those perfectly innocent people, with nothing to be afraid of, who blush and stammer when a customs officer asks them if they have anything to declare. Fear, and a consequently heightened electrical response, may not be enough to establish guilt. It depends on whether the subject is afraid of being found out or afraid of being wrong fully convicted. On the other hand, the person who is really guilty and whose past experience has prepared him for such tests can distort the results by anticipating the crucial questions or deliberately giving exaggerated responses to neutral ones!
    The success rate of up to 90% claimed for lie detectors is misleadingly attractive. If we refer such a figure to a company with 50 employees, twenty of whom are thieves, the lie detector could catch 18 of them but in doing so would place 32 innocent employees under suspicion. The problem for the management would therefore become one of deciding how much industrial unrest they are prepared to cause in order to eliminate theft. What concerns research workers even more, of course, is the fact that a certain number of innocent people are bound to be convicted of crimes they have not committed.
Which of the following is NOT true about lie detector’s application?
选项 A、Innocent people may blush or stammer if questioned.
B、The tests sometimes make mistakes.
C、Many of polygraphers are qualified.
D、Experienced guilty people may escape by predicting key questions.
答案C
解析 判断题。从第二段最后一句“…but also makes it questionablewhether they should be employed at all．”和第三段第一句“The point isthat…”知道第三段开始讨论测谎仪能否得到广泛应用。第三段第一句话就讲到“许多运用测谎仪的人不合格，测试本身会有错误”，故B项是正确表述，C项是错误表述。第二句指出“无辜的人也会脸红或者结巴”，故A项表述正确。最后一句提及“有经验的或真正有罪的人可以通过预测关键问题而改变结果”，所以D项表述正确。综合排除，只有C项是不正确表述。故选C项。
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