首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
When scientists at the Australian Institute of Sport recently decided to check the Vitamin D status of some of that country’s el
When scientists at the Australian Institute of Sport recently decided to check the Vitamin D status of some of that country’s el
admin
2011-06-24
39
问题
When scientists at the Australian Institute of Sport recently decided to check the Vitamin D status of some of that country’s elite female gymnasts, their findings were fairly alarming. Of the 18 gymnasts tested, 15 had levels that were "below current recommended guidelines for optimal bone health," the study’s authors report. Six of these had Vitamin D levels that would qualify as medically deficient. Unlike other nutrients, Vitamin D can be obtained by exposure to ultraviolet radiation from sunlight, as well as through foods or supplements. Of course, female gymnasts are a unique and specialized bunch, not known for the quality or quantity of their diets, or for getting outside much.
But in another study presented at a conference earlier this year, researchers found that many of a group of distance runners also had poor Vitamin D status. Forty percent of the runners, who trained outdoors in sunny Baton Rouge, Louisiana, had insufficient Vitamin D. "It was something of a surprise," says D. Enette Larson-Meyer, an assistant professor in the Department of Family and Consumer Sciences at the University of Wyoming and one of the authors of the study.
Vitamin D is an often overlooked element in athletic achievement, a "sleeper nutrient," says John Anderson, a professor emeritus of nutrition at the University of North Carolina and one of the authors of a review article published online in May about Vitamin D and athletic performance. Vitamin D once was thought to be primarily involved in bone development. But a growing body of research suggests that it’s vital in multiple different bodily functions, including allowing body cells to utilize calcium (which is essential for cell metabolism), muscle fibers to develop and grow normally, and the immune system to function properly. "Almost every cell in the body has receptors" for Vitamin D, Anderson says. "It can up-regulate and down-regulate hundreds, maybe even thousands of genes," Larson-Meyer says. "We’re only at the start of understanding how important it is."
But many of us, it seems, no matter how active and scrupulous we are about health, don’t get enough Vitamin D. Nowadays, "many people aren’t going outside very much," Johnson says, and most of us assiduously apply sunscreen and take other precautions when we do. The Baton Rouge runners, for instance, most likely "ran early in the morning or late in the day," Larson-Meyer says, reducing their chances of heat stroke or sunburn, but also reducing their exposure to sunlight.
Meanwhile, dietary sources of Vitamin D are meager. Cod-liver oil provides a whopping dose. But a glass of fortified milk provides a fraction of what scientists now think we need per day. (A major study published online in the journal Pediatrics last month concluded that more than 60 percent of American children, or almost 51 million kids, have "insufficient" levels of Vitamin D and another 9 percent, or 7.6 million children, are clinically "deficient," a serious condition. Cases of childhood rickets, a bone disease caused by lack of Vitamin D, have been rising in the U.S. in recent years.)
Although few studies have looked closely at the issue of Vitamin D and athletic performance, those that have are suggestive. A series of strange but evocative studies undertaken decades ago in Russia and Germany, for instance, hint that the Eastern Bloc nations may have depended in part on sunlamps and Vitamin D to produce their preternaturally well-muscled and world-beating athletes. In one of the studies, four Russian sprinters were doused with artificial, ultraviolet light. Another group wasn’t. Both trained identically for the 100-meter dash. The control group lowered their sprint times by 1.7 percent. The radiated runners, in comparison, improved by an impressive 7.4 percent.
More recently, when researchers tested the vertical jumping ability of a small group of adolescent athletes, Larson-Meyer says, "they found that those who had the lowest levels of Vitamin D tended not to jump as high," intimating that too little of the nutrient may impair muscle power. Low levels might also contribute to sports injuries, in part because Vitamin D is so important for bone and muscle health. In a Creighton University study of female naval recruits, stress fractures were reduced significantly after the women started taking supplements of Vitamin D and calcium.
A number of recent studies also have shown that, among athletes who train outside year-round, maximal oxygen intake tends to be highest in late summer, Johnson says. The athletes, in other words, are fittest in August, when ultraviolet radiation from the sun is near its zenith. They often then experience an abrupt drop in maximal oxygen intake, beginning as early as September, even though they continue to train just as hard. This decline coincides with the autumnal lengthening of the angle of sunlight. Less ultraviolet radiation reaches the earth and, apparently, sports performance suffers.
What does the passage mainly tell us?
选项
A、Vitamin D is important in our life.
B、Many of us are lacking in Vitamin D.
C、Vitamin D can improve our athletic performance.
D、There is little research about Vitamin D and athletic performance.
答案
C
解析
此题是主旨大意题。综合全文可知,c为正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/zfYO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
MoviesarethemostpopularformofentertainmentformillionsofAmericans.Theygotothemovietoescapetheirnormaleveryda
A、federalgovernmentB、thehome-loversC、thepeoplewhokillthewildhorseD、thenativepeopleC
Shoppingforclothesisnotthesameexperienceforamanasitisforawoman.Amangoesshoppingbecauseheneedssomething.
TheAmericanTaxSystemGovernmentsraiserevenuesthroughtaxation.Ataxisa【1】______paymenttogovernment.IntheUnit
A、ProfessorPornchaiembracedthechallengeposedbycoffee.B、ProfessorPornehaistillcannothandlemanyoftheproblemsposed
A、theschoolsareovercrowdedB、theclassroomsarenotbigenoughC、therearetoomanystudentsinaclassD、theencouragemento
Haveyoueverthoughtofthesimilaritiesbetweenthecinemaandthetheatre?Thecinemahaslearntagreatdealfromthetheat
Haveyoueverthoughtofthesimilaritiesbetweenthecinemaandthetheatre?Thecinemahaslearntagreatdealfromthetheat
Accordingtothebestevidencegatheredbyspaceprobesandastronomers,Marsisaninhospitableplanet,moresimilartoEarth’s
Accordingtothebestevidencegatheredbyspaceprobesandastronomers,Marsisaninhospitableplanet,moresimilartoEarth’s
随机试题
血虚头痛最佳选穴是
现代管理整分合原则的含义是()
A.回忆偏倚B.失访偏倚C.入院率偏倚D.检出症候偏倚E.现患病例一新病例偏倚开展以医院为基础的病例对照研究,最常见的偏倚是
分离布鲁菌阳性率最高的患者标本是
某病人甲状腺大部切除术后、回病房,饮水即咳呛,估计因为术中损伤,
F企业的相对市场占有率为()。B企业在做竞争者分析时,可以认为A企业是()型竞争者。
钢梁采用高强螺栓连接,施拧顺序从板束()处开始
甲承包商与乙供应商签订了设备买卖合同,约定甲收到设备后20个工作日内向乙支付设备款,设备由乙交运输公司运送到甲指定的地点,甲收到设备后向运输公司支付运费。运输途中,因遭遇山体坍塌导致该设备完全损毁。下列正确的选项是()。
2,3,7,19,136,()
Increasingly,overthepasttenyears,people—especiallyyoungpeople—havebecomeawareoftheneedtochangetheireatinghabit
最新回复
(
0
)