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  3. Recently, fish oils found in species like salmon, trout and tuna have been associated with a lower risk of heart disease and eve

Recently, fish oils found in species like salmon, trout and tuna have been associated with a lower risk of heart disease and eve

admin2016-10-15  11
问题     Recently, fish oils found in species like salmon, trout and tuna have been associated with a lower risk of heart disease and even Alzheimer’ s. Fish oil has since skyrocketed to be the most popular supplement in the United States. But a new study in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, however, shows that these fish fats may not be improving everyone’s health—in the trial, those with high concentrations of marine-derived omega-3s in their blood showed a 43% higher risk of developing prostate cancer than those with the lowest levels.
    The study measured omega-3 blood levels in the participating men, and did not include information on the volunteers’ eating habits, so researchers could not differentiate between the effects of fatty acids from fish from those of supplements. However, the overwhelming majority of the participants did not take fish oil supplements. Based on the results, Brasky says that men with a family history of prostate cancer should discuss with their doctor whether fish oil supplements are safe for them, since these pills tend to contain concentrated doses of omega-3—supplements contain between 30% to 60% of a serving of fish oil, and if a fish supplement is taken everyday, that adds up to a lot of daily fish oil. Brasky also suggested that men cut down on their fatty fish intake, though not eliminate it entirely.
    Andrew Vickers, a statistician specializing in prostate cancer at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, agrees, saying that fish oil supplements may pose a relatively higher risk for prostate cancer than fish in the diet. "The problem comes when you take components of a diet and put it in a pill," Vickers says. While the omega-3 fatty acids may increase oxidative damage to prostate cells, for example, antioxidants, which might be part of an overall healthy diet that includes fish as well as fruits and vegetables, might counteract these effects.
    Brasky’s work isn’t the first to suggest that omega-3 fatty acids may have both positive and negative effects on the body. In a September 2012 article in the Journal of the American Medical Association, researchers found that omega-3 supplements were not associated with lower risks of stroke or cardiac death. Those results were confirmed by another study in the New England Journal of Medicine that showed omega-3 supplements did not reduce risk of dying from a heart event among a group of people at high risk of heart disease. Researchers involved in those studies, however, acknowledged that they were not able to account for the effect of other medications to treat heart problems, such as cholesterol-lowering drugs and blood pressure medications, in keeping death rates down. In the same way, more research will have to tease apart how other nutrients in a balanced diet—including antioxidants—work together to influence the effect of individual nutrients like omega-3 fatty acids.
According to paragraph 2, fish oil supplements might be dangerous for men with a family history of prostate cancer because______.
选项 A、omega-3 fatty acids may increase oxidative damage to prostate cells
B、omega-3 fatty acids may have both positive and negative effects on the body
C、these pills contain concentrated doses of omega-3 which can accumulate if taken daily
D、omega-3 supplements were not associated with lower risks of stroke or cardiac death
答案C
解析 本题考查考生对第二段中有关该研究具体细节的理解。第一段最后指出最近的一项研究表明鱼油可能不仅与更低的心脏病发病率甚至老年痴呆症发病率没有关系，而且甚至可能是造成前列腺癌高风险的因素之一。接着第二段就讲述这个研究的对象以及结果，指出“根据研究结果，布拉斯基表示，有前列腺癌家族史的男性，应与他们的医生讨论鱼油补充剂对他们是否安全，因为这些药往往含有浓缩剂量的欧米伽-3——补充剂所含脂肪酸的量是鱼类食品的30％至60%，如果每天服用鱼油补充剂，则使每天鱼油的摄入量大为增加。”可见，之所以说鱼油补充剂对于有家族前列腺癌史的男人来说可能是危险的，是因为这些人如果每天服用，那么鱼油的摄入量会在体内积聚达到危险的剂量。因此[C]是正确选项。[A]是第三段针对为什么鱼油补充剂比直接食用鱼对于前列腺癌症风险更高所作出的部分解释，没有出现在第二段。[B]和[D]与题目所问无关，因此均不正确。
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