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  3. In science, a theory is a reasonable explanation of observed events that are related. A theory often involves an imaginary model

In science, a theory is a reasonable explanation of observed events that are related. A theory often involves an imaginary model

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问题     In science, a theory is a reasonable explanation of observed events that are related. A theory often involves an imaginary model that helps scientists picture the way an observed event could be produced. A good example of this is found in the kinetic molecular theory, in which gases are pictured as being made up of many small particles that are in constant motion.
    A useful theory, in addition to explaining past observations, helps to predict events that have not as yet been observed. After a theory has been publicized, scientists design experiments to test the theory. If observations confirm the scientists’ predictions, the theory is supported. If observations do not confirm the predictions, the scientists must search further. There may be a fault in the experiment, or the theory may have to be revised or rejected.
    Science involves imagination and creative thinking as well as collecting information and performing experiments. Facts by themselves are not science. As the mathematician Jules Henri Poincare said; " Science is built with facts just as a house is built with bricks, but a collection of facts cannot be called science any more than a pile of bricks can be called a house. " Most scientists start an investigation by finding out what other scientists have learned about a particular problem. After known facts have been gathered, the scientist comes to the part of the investigation that requires considerable imagination. Possible solutions to the problem are formulated. These possible solutions are called hypotheses.
    In a way, any hypothesis is a leap into the unknown. It extends the scientist’s thinking beyond the known facts. The scientist plans experiments, performs calculations, and makes observations to test hypotheses. For without hypotheses, further investigation lacks purpose and direction. When hypotheses are confirmed, they are incorporated into theories.
The word "this" in the 3rd sentence in paragraph 1 refers to______.
选项 A、a good example
B、an imaginary model
C、the kinetic molecular theory
D、an observed event
答案B
解析 本题是指代题。第三句话中的代词this指代前一句提到的an imaginary model。引用这个例子的目的在于在动力分子理论中，气体被描绘成由许多不停运动的小分子所组成，即前句中“A theory often involves an imaginary model that helps scientists picture the wayan observed event could be produced”(理论常包含一个虚构的模式来帮助科学家描述事物的出现过程。)
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