2. 考研
  3. 　　A hundred years ago it was assumed and scientifically "proved" by economists that the laws of society made it necessary to hav

　　A hundred years ago it was assumed and scientifically "proved" by economists that the laws of society made it necessary to hav

admin2022-05-13  45
问题 　　A hundred years ago it was assumed and scientifically "proved" by economists that the laws of society made it necessary to have a vast army of poor and jobless people in order to keep the economy going. Today, hardly anybody would dare to voice this principle. It is generally accepted that nobody should be excluded from the wealth of the nation, either by the laws of nature or by those of society. The opinions, which were current a hundred years ago, that the poor owed their conditions to their ignorance, lack of responsibility, are outdated. In all Western industrialized countries, a system of insurance has been introduced which guarantees everyone a minimum of subsistence in case of unemployment, sickness and old age. I would go one step further and argue that, even if these conditions are not present, everyone has the right to receive the means to subsist, in other words, he can claim this subsistence minimum without having to have any "reason". I would suggest, however, that it should be limited to a definite period of time, let’s say two years, so as to avoid the encouraging of an abnormal attitude which refused any kind of social obligation.
　　This may sound like a fantastic proposal, but so, I think; our insurance system would have sounded to people a hundred years ago. The main objection to such a scheme would be that if each person were entitled to receive minimum support, people would not work. This assumption rests on the fallacy of the inherent laziness in human nature, actually, aside from abnormally lazy people, there would be very few who would not want to earn more than the minimum, and who would prefer to do nothing rather than work.
　　However, the suspicions against a system of guaranteed subsistence minimum are not groundless, from the standpoint of those who want to use ownership of capital for the purpose of forcing others to accept the work conditions they offer. If nobody were forced to accept work in order not to starve, work would have to be sufficiently interesting and attractive to induce one to accept it. Freedom of contract is possible only if both parties are free to accept and reject it in the present capitalist system is not the case.
　　But such a system would not only be the beginning of real freedom of contract between employers and employees, its principal advantage would be the improvement of freedom in interpersonal relationships in every sphere of daily life.  
The writer argues that a system of social insurance should ______.
选项 A、provide benefits for the sick, old and unemployed
B、encourage people to take on more social obligations
C、guarantee everyone the right to be employed
D、provide everyone with the right to a minimum subsistence for a certain period
答案D
解析 细节题。文章第一段指出：I would suggest, however, that it should be limited to a definite period of time, let’s say two years，作者建议，社会保障系统应该限制一定的时限，比如两年。所以D项符合题意。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/zlsa777K
本试题收录于： MBA联考（英语）题库专业硕士分类
0

MBA联考（英语）

专业硕士

相关试题推荐
随机试题
最新回复(0)